Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Plant Communities and Soil Properties in Perennial Alpine Cultivated Grasslands

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.013

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 881-890.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.013

Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Plant Communities and Soil Properties in Perennial Alpine Cultivated Grasslands

TONG Yong-shang^1,2, DONG Quan-min^2,3,4, YANG Jun-xia⁵, CAO Quan^2,3,4, YU Yang^2,3,4, ZHANG Chun-ping^2,3,4

1. College of Biological Science and Technology, Yili Normal University, Yining, Xinjiang 835000, China;
2. Veterinary Medicine and Qinghai Academy of Animal Science, Veterinary Medicine and Academy of Animal Science, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
3. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
4. Key Laboratory of the Alpine Grassland Ecology in the Three Rivers Region, Ministry of Education Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
5. School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China

Received:2025-04-16 Revised:2025-06-24 Published:2026-03-23

氮素形态对多年生高寒栽培草地植物群落和土壤性质的影响

童永尚^1,2, 董全民^2,3,4, 杨俊霞⁵, 曹铨^2,3,4, 俞旸^2,3,4, 张春平^2,3,4

1. 伊犁师范大学生物科学与技术学院, 新疆伊宁 835000;
2. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院/青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 青海西宁 810016;
3. 青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016;
4. 青海大学三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016;
5. 青海大学生态环境工程学院, 青海西宁 810016

通讯作者: 张春平，E-mail：zhangchp09@126.com
作者简介:童永尚（1996-），男，汉族，甘肃金昌人，博士，主要从事草地生态与环境保护研究，E-mail：tongys2022@126.com；
基金资助:
2024年中央财政林草科技推广示范资金项目（青（2024）TG04）；伊犁师范大学高层次人才引进启动基金（2024RCYJ28）资助

Abstract

Abstract: The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on perennial alpine cultivated grassland plant communities and soil properties. A 4-year-old perennial mixed-seeded grassland established in 2019 at Qinghai University’s comprehensive experimental demonstration base of plateau specialty agriculture and animal husbandry was used as the research object. Four treatments of control （CK）， amide nitrogen fertilizer （U）， ammonium nitrogen fertilizer （A） and nitrate nitrogen fertilizer （N） were set up to determine and analyze treatment effects on the plant community structure， soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass. The results showed that application of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers significantly affected plant productivity， soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass of artificial grassland， while the effect on plant diversity was not significant. Different forms of nitrogen fertilizers showed U>N>A in promoting plant productivity， with an increase of 62.60%， 53.71% and 25.85% over control. respectively. Application of amide nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil water content and soil conductivity and significantly decreased soil bulk density and pH value. Application of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased total phosphorus and decreased soil microbial biological carbon to nitrogen ratio. Application of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased soil quick phosphorus， total nitrogen， microbial biochar and microbial biochar-phosphorus ratio. Redundancy analysis showed that soil pH value and bulk weight were key soil factors influencing perennial alpine cultivated grassland plant communities. In summary， it is recommended that amide nitrogen fertilizers should be given priority in the development of nitrogen application programs for perennial alpine cultivated grassland productivity maintenance and soil improvement.

Key words: Alpine cultivated grassland, Nitrogen form, Plant community, Soil physicochemical properties, Microbial biomass

摘要： 为揭示不同形态氮肥对多年生高寒栽培草地植物群落和土壤性质的影响，以2019年在青海大学高原特色农牧业综合试验示范基地建植4龄的多年生混播草地为研究对象，设置对照（CK）、酰胺态氮肥（U）、铵态氮肥（A）和硝态氮肥（N）4个处理，对不同处理下的植物群落结构、土壤理化性质和微生物生物量进行测定和分析。结果表明：施用不同形态氮肥对人工草地的植物生产力、土壤理化性质和微生物生物量产生显著影响，而对植物多样性的影响不显著。不同形态氮肥对植物生产力的促进效果表现为U>N>A，分别较对照组提高了62.60%、53.71%和25.85%。施酰胺态氮肥显著提高了土壤含水量和土壤电导率，显著降低了土壤容重和pH值。施铵态氮肥显著提高了全磷含量，降低了土壤微生物生物量碳氮比。施硝态氮肥显著提高了土壤速效磷、全氮、微生物生物量碳和微生物生物量碳磷比。冗余分析表明，土壤pH值和容重是影响多年生高寒栽培草地植物群落的关键土壤因子。综上所述，建议在制定多年生高寒栽培草地生产力维持和土壤改良的施氮方案时，应优先考虑酰胺态氮肥。

关键词: 高寒栽培草地, 氮素形态, 植物群落, 土壤理化性质, 微生物生物量

CLC Number:

S812

TONG Yong-shang, DONG Quan-min, YANG Jun-xia, CAO Quan, YU Yang, ZHANG Chun-ping. Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Plant Communities and Soil Properties in Perennial Alpine Cultivated Grasslands[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(3): 881-890.

童永尚, 董全民, 杨俊霞, 曹铨, 俞旸, 张春平. 氮素形态对多年生高寒栽培草地植物群落和土壤性质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(3): 881-890.

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Effects of Nitrogen Forms on Plant Communities and Soil Properties in Perennial Alpine Cultivated Grasslands

氮素形态对多年生高寒栽培草地植物群落和土壤性质的影响

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[3]	YUAN Ying, LI Xi-lai, CHAI Yu, ZHANG Jing, WU Xi, ZHOU Yi-zhi, GAO Pei. Assessment of the Effectiveness of Alpine Meadow Ecological Restoration and the Responses of Plant Communities and Soil Characteristics to Different Rodent Disturbances [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(1): 191-202.
[4]	JU Xin, WANG Xin-ya, WANG Bing-ying, HAN Guo-dong, WU Qian. Effects of Grazing Intensity on Plant Community Composition and Nutrient Quality of Forage in a Desert Steppe [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(9): 2962-2972.
[5]	QI Hai-bo, FAN Jun-mei, ZHAO Wei, WANG Ming-jiu, WU A-rong, MA Yi-ming, LI Shu-ning, SUO Yuan, WU Qian. The Agronomic Characteristics of Different Forage Soybean Varieties and their Effects on Soil Nutrients and Enzyme Activities after Incorporation as Green Manure [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(8): 2512-2520.
[6]	SUN Ran, QI Xue-zhong, KAZHUO cairang, ZHOU Hua-kun, LI Hong-lin. Temporal Effects of Artificially Assisted Restoration on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Soil Microorganisms of Grasslands in the Sanjiangyuan Area [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(7): 2172-2183.
[7]	LI Yan-chun, LI Qiang-feng, LI Wei, PENGMAO Dang-zhi, LYU Jia. Study on Soil Microbial Community Diversity of Typical Plant Communities in the Qaidam Haloxylon Ecosystem Reserve [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(7): 2227-2237.
[8]	LONGZHU Duojie, ZHANG Xu-ping, LIU Qiang, WANG Jin, HU Xiao-mei, LA Ben. Relationships Between Plant Diversity and Ecosystem Multifunctionality Along a Water-Salt Gradient in the Gahai Wetland [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(7): 2262-2276.
[9]	YAO Jun-fei, WEI Guo-liang, WU Fa-liang, LI Xu-dong, Adihaze, SHI Zheng-chen, ZHANG Zhong-hua, MA Li, LI Shan, LI Hong-lin, LI Qiang-feng, WANG Zhen, ZHOU Hua-kun, ZHANG Qiang. Effects of Different Grazing Management Practices on the Contents of Soils and Microbiomass and Their Stoichiometric Characteristics in Alpine Grassland [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(6): 1749-1755.
[10]	ZHOU Hui-min, GAO Zhi-wei, ZHANG Xiao-jia, WU Jia-xin, WANG Wei-feng, HAN Guo-dong. Effects of Different Grazing Intensity on Soil Bacterial Community in Inner Mongolian Desert Grasslands [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(6): 1764-1770.
[11]	SHI Rong-xi, WANG Quan-cheng, LIU Ning, LIU Meng-jie, WANG Jin-song, HU Jian, WANG Hui, CHEN You-jun, ZHOU Qing-ping. Long-term Drainage Reduces Soil Enzyme Activities in Alpine Peatlands on the Zoige Plateau [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(5): 1398-1407.
[12]	AN Hai-tao, SUN Cai-cai, DONG Quan-min, YANG Xiao-xia, LIU Wen-ting, WANG Xin-xin, WANG Xiao-li, ZHAO Xin-quan. Responses of Rhizosphere Soil and Bulk Soils Microbial Activity to Livestock Assembly [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(3): 813-822.
[13]	YANG Jin-peng, MU Lan, QIU Jia-yue, WU Zong-ye, ZHANG Xin-liang, ZHANG Mei-yan, CAI Ming, HUANG Bi-zhi. Effects of Grass Cultivation on Soil Enzyme Activity and Microbial Community Diversity of Apple Orchards in Dianzhong Area of China [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(2): 419-428.
[14]	SUN Wen-qian, CHU Bin, YE Guo-hui, CAI Bin, ZHANG Jing, ZHANG Zhi-ying, HUA Li-min. Effects of Photovoltaic Power Station on Soil Bacterial Community Composition and Diversity in Alpine Meadow [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(2): 440-450.
[15]	YU Zhong-yang, HU Sheng-bin, AN Xiao-ting, YANG Ming-chun, YAO Xi-xi, SU Xiao-yan, LI Chang-hui. Effects of Applying Sheep Slat Manure on the Structure of Soil Microbial Community and Its Function in Alpine Mining Area [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(2): 654-664.