
灵芝羊毛甾烷型三萜抗肿瘤构效关系初探
A preliminary investigation on anti-tumor structure-activity relationship of lanostane triterpenes from Ganoderma spp.
多篇文献报道灵芝三萜具有良好的抗肿瘤活性,但其构效关系和作用靶点尚未系统比较。本研究以45种灵芝三萜为研究对象,通过对小鼠白血病细胞L1210的增殖抑制测定,来评价化合物抗肿瘤的能力。结果表明,灵芝菌丝体三萜和子实体中性三萜的活性较强。进一步采用Discovery Studio分子对接技术探讨了12种活性较强的灵芝三萜与5种抗肿瘤作用相关蛋白p53、Bcl-xl、EGFR、IL-2和VEGFR2之间可能的作用靶点,推测三萜化合物抗肿瘤能力与其结构上的乙酰氧基和母环上的共轭双键有关。其中,具有这一特征的含有3个乙酰氧基的ganoderic acid T,其抗肿瘤活性最强。本研究为灵芝三萜活性位点的寻找和结构改造提供了参考。
Several papers have reported that triterpenes from Ganoderma spp. have good antitumor activities, but their structure-activity relationships and targets of action have not been compared systematically. In this study, 45 lanostane triterpenes were investigated to evaluate the inhibition ability to mouse leukemia cells L1210’s proliferation. The results showed that neutral triterpene fractions from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lingzhi and triterpenes isolated from mycelia of Ganoderma lingzhi were more active. The Discovery Studio molecular docking technique was further employed to explore the possible targets of action between twelve active triterpenes and the five antitumor effect-related proteins p53, Bcl-xl, EGFR, IL-2 and VEGFR2. It was hypothesized that the antitumor ability of the triterpenes was related to acetoxy groups and conjugated double bonds on the parent ring. Among them, ganoderic acid T which contains three acetoxy groups with this feature has the strongest antitumor activity. The study provides a useful reference for active site discovery and structural modification of lanostane triterpenes.
灵芝三萜 / 抗肿瘤活性 / 构效关系 / 分子对接 / LibDock {{custom_keyword}} /
Ganoderma spp. triterpenes / antitumor activity / structure-activity relationship / molecular docking / LibDock {{custom_keyword}} /
表1 分子对接所使用的受体Table 1 Receptors used for molecular docking |
PDB ID | 缩写 Abbreviation | 名称 Name | 功能 Function |
---|---|---|---|
2XOW | p53 | p53蛋白 p53 protein | 防止癌变,修复缺陷 Prevent cancer and repair defects |
IYSI | Bcl-xl | 抗凋亡蛋白 Anti-apoptotic proteins | 阻止凋亡 Prevent apoptosis |
5HG5 | EGFR | 表皮生长因子受体 Epidermal growth factor receptor | 加速促进细胞异常生长和分裂,最终导致肿瘤诞生 Accelerate the abnormal growth and division of cells, and eventually lead to the birth of tumors |
1M48 | IL-2 | 白细胞介素-2 Interleukin-2 | 促进淋巴细胞生长、增殖、分化,能诱导和增强细胞毒活性 Promote the growth, proliferation and differentiation of lymphocyte, induce and enhance cytotoxic activity |
1Y6B | VEGFR2 | 血管内皮细胞生长因子受体2 Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 | 调节淋巴管内皮细胞和血管内皮细胞,促进淋巴管和血管的生成,还有调节淋巴细胞的迁移等作用 Regulate lymphatic endothelial cells and vascular endothelial cells, promote the production of lymphatic vessels and blood vessels, and regulate the migration of lymphocytes, etc. |
图1 不同类型羊毛甾烷型三萜化合物的结构通式Fig. 1 General structural formula of lanostane triterpenes with different types. |
表2 灵芝子实体酸性三萜化合物对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用Table 2 Inhibition of acidic triterpenes from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lingzhi to L1210 cell proliferation |
灵芝子实体酸性三萜 Acidic triterpenes from fruiting bodies of G. lingzhi | 母环 Female ring | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | IC50 (μmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ganoderic acid I | A | β-OH | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | β-OH | =O | 39.54 |
Ganoderic acid ε | A | β-OH | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | -H | β-OH | - |
Ganoderenic acid C | B | β-OH | β-OH | =O | -H | α-OH | =O | - | - |
Ganoderic acid C2 | A | β-OH | β-OH | =O | -H | α-OH | -H | =O | 520.54 |
Ganoderic acid C6 | A | β-OH | =O | =O | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | 2 793.27 |
Ganoderic acid G | A | β-OH | β-OH | =O | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | 58.26 |
Ganoderic acid B | A | β-OH | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | -H | =O | 77.32 |
Ganoderenic acid B | B | β-OH | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | =O | - | 58.81 |
Ganoderenic acid A | B | =O | β-OH | =O | -H | α-OH | =O | - | 351.85 |
Ganoderic acid A | A | =O | β-OH | =O | -H | α-OH | -H | =O | 104.19 |
Ganoderic acid K | A | β-OH | β-OH | =O | β-OAc | =O | -H | =O | 116.97 |
Ganoderenic acid E | B | =O | β-OH | =O | β-OH | =O | =O | 135.46 | |
Ganoderic acid H | A | β-OH | =O | =O | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | 417.07 |
Ganoderenic acid H | B | β-OH | =O | =O | -H | =O | =O | - | 108.75 |
Lucidenic acid A | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 103.41 |
Ganoderic acid N | A | =O | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | -H | =O | - |
Ganoderic acid D | A | =O | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | -H | =O | 3.67 |
Ganoderenic acid D | B | =O | β-OH | =O | -H | =O | =O | 27 094.48 | |
Ganoderic acid Z | C | β-OH | =O | =O | -H | -H | 2 289.44 | ||
Ganoderic acid F | A | =O | =O | =O | β-OAc | =O | -H | =O | 265.35 |
Ganoderenic acid F | B | =O | =O | =O | -H | =O | =O | - | 72.91 |
Ganoderic acid DM | C | =O | =O | -H | -H | -H | - | - | 75.48 |
Ganoderic acid Y | D | β-OH | -H | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Ganoderic acid TN | D | β-OH | β-OAc | - | - | - | - | - | 57.75 |
注:“-”表示在受试浓度下化合物对L1210无作用,下同 | |
Note: “-” indicates that the compound has no effect on L1210 at the tested concentration, the same below. |
表3 灵芝子实体中性三萜化合物对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用Table 3 Inhibition of neutral triterpenes from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lingzhi to L1210 cell proliferation |
灵芝子实体中性三萜 Neutral triterpenes from fruiting bodies of G. lingzhi | 母环 Female ring | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | IC50 (μmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ganodermanontriol | F | =O | α-OH | -CH2OH | β-OH | 51.05 |
Ganoderiol A | F | β-OH | -OH | -CH2OH | -OH | 30.30 |
Ganodermanondiol | F | =O | α-OH | -CH3 | -OH | 137.38 |
Ganoderiol F | E | =O | -CH2OH | -CH2OH | - | 147.92 |
Ganoderol A | E | =O | -CH3 | -CH2OH | - | 65.21 |
Ganoderal A | E | =O | -CH3 | -CHO | - | 28.44 |
Ganoderol B | E | β-OH | -CH3 | -CH2OH | - | 54.28 |
表4 灵芝菌丝体三萜化合物对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用Table 4 Inhibition of triterpenes from mycelia of Ganoderma lingzhi to L1210 cell proliferation |
灵芝菌丝体三萜 Mycelial triterpenes | 母环 Female ring | R1 | R2 | R3 | IC50 (μmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ganoderic acid T | G | α-OAc | α-OAc | β-OAc | 1.92 |
Ganoderic acid S | G | α-OH | -H | β-OAc | 19.33 |
Ganoderic acid P | G | α-OH | α-OAc | β-OAc | 26.66 |
Ganoderic acid T1 | G | α-OAc | α-OAc | β-OH | 21.12 |
Ganoderic acid Mk | G | α-OAc | α-OH | β-OAc | 16.71 |
Ganoderic acid Me | G | α-OAc | α-OAc | -H | 9.66 |
Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α-hydroxy-26-oic acid | G | α-OH | -H | -H | 29.97 |
Ganoderic acid R | G | α-OAc | -H | β-OAc | 31.69 |
表5 层迭树舌子实体三萜化合物对L1210细胞增殖的抑制作用Table 5 Inhibition of triterpenes from fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lobatum to L1210 cell proliferation |
树舌环氧酸三萜 Applanoxidic acids | 母环 Female ring | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | IC50 (μmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Applanoxidic acid H | H | β-OH | α-OH | =O | -OH | 10 083.46 |
Applanoxidic acid A | I | =O | =O | α-OH | - | 272.52 |
Applanoxidic acid G | H | =O | =O | β-OH | -OH | 3 477.67 |
Applanoxidic acid C | H | =O | =O | =O | -OH | 1 507.38 |
Applanoxidic acid E | I | =O | =O | β-OH | - | 84.64 |
Applanoxidic acid F | I | =O | =O | =O | - | 166.01 |
表6 配体与靶蛋白对接Table 6 Docking of ligand to target protein |
配体 Ligand | p53 | Bcl-xl | EGFR | IL-2 | VEGFR2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poses | Score | Poses | Score | Poses | Score | Poses | Score | Poses | Score | |
Ganoderic acid P | 10 | 115.52 | 10 | 142.42 | 5 | 123.16 | 5 | 118.39 | 10 | 133.25 |
Ganoderma acid T1 | 3 | 106.89 | 10 | 140.52 | 22 | 111.43 | 1 | 102.88 | 10 | 135.49 |
Ganoderic acid S | 6 | 113.64 | 10 | 131.19 | 3 | 119.55 | 10 | 145.95 | 10 | 123.33 |
Ganoderic acid T | 10 | 119.76 | 10 | 152.44 | 4 | 132.70 | 2 | 116.23 | 10 | 126.43 |
Ganoderic acid Me | 10 | 112.97 | 10 | 141.92 | 3 | 105.81 | 10 | 115.93 | 10 | 131.55 |
Ganoderic acid R | 10 | 112.53 | 10 | 142.54 | 2 | 121.23 | 10 | 142.28 | 10 | 125.44 |
Ganoderic acid Mk | 2 | 104.29 | 10 | 136.51 | - | - | 9 | 127.94 | 10 | 127.44 |
Lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α-hydroxy-26-oic acid | 2 | 108.04 | 10 | 129.37 | 2 | 114.60 | 10 | 131.04 | 10 | 118.92 |
Ganoderic acid I | 2 | 113.87 | 10 | 134.51 | - | - | 9 | 119.06 | 5 | 105.76 |
Ganoderic acid D | 2 | 106.48 | 10 | 140.06 | - | - | 10 | 123.40 | 10 | 111.06 |
Ganoderiol A | 1 | 101.96 | 10 | 141.78 | 2 | 122.61 | 10 | 122.90 | 10 | 116.80 |
Ganodera A | 1 | 110.40 | 10 | 129.12 | 3 | 104.15 | 10 | 129.88 | 10 | 107.94 |
注:化合物的众多对接Poses中只给出LibDock打分最高值 | |
Note: Only the highest LibDock score is given among many poses. |
图2 灵芝羊毛甾烷型三萜与靶蛋白分子对接A:Ganoderic acid T与p53蛋白对接;B:Ganoderic acid T与Bcl-xl蛋白对接;C:Ganoderic acid T与EGFR蛋白对接;D:Ganoderic acid S与IL-2蛋白对接;E:Ganoderic acid T1与VEGFR2蛋白对接 Fig. 2 Molecular docking of lanostane triterpenes from Ganoderma spp. to target proteins. A: Docking of ganoderic acid T to p53 protein; B: Docking of ganoderic acid T to Bcl-xl protein; C: Docking of ganoderic acid T to EGFR protein; D: Docking of ganoderic acid S to IL-2 protein; E: Docking of ganoderic acid T1 to VEGFR2 protein. |
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