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四种桑黄类真菌挥发性风味成分分析
Analyses of volatile flavor components in four sanghuang fungi
({{custom_author.role_en}}), {{javascript:window.custom_author_en_index++;}}风味是影响消费者对产品接纳度的主要因素之一。为探究不同桑黄类真菌挥发性化合物的差异，使用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对2株桑树桑黄Sanghuangporus sanghuang、3株瓦尼桑黄Sanghuangporus vaninii、1株忍冬桑黄Sanghuangporus lonicericola和1株粗毛纤孔菌Inonotus hispidus的挥发性风味成分进行了分析，并结合相对气味活度值(relative odor activity values, ROAV)分析不同组分对整体风味的贡献。CAR/PDMS、DVB/CAR/PDMS两种萃取头从7个供试菌株中检测出62种挥发性成分，其中相同成分有31种，表明使用多种类型萃取头能提高提取效果。整体而言，CAR/PDMS萃取头提取菌株SH77、SH86、SH91中挥发性成分效果更好，DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头提取菌株SH48、SH89、SH92、SH93中的挥发性成分效果更好。各菌株主体挥发性成分有较大差异，同种菌株挥发性成分组成更相近，己醛是共有的主体挥发性成分。桑树桑黄SH89和SH93共有的主体挥发性成分(ROAV≥1)有萘、壬醛、己醛和2-十一酮，瓦尼桑黄SH48、SH91和SH92的主体挥发性成分是己醛，忍冬桑黄SH77的主体挥发性成分有壬醛、葵醛等。粗毛纤孔菌SH86的主体挥发性成分有庚醛、1-庚醇等。不同栽培时间SH91挥发性物质比较结果显示，50 d的SH91较为浓郁，100 d的最淡。本研究可为以后桑黄类真菌品种改良以及产品的开发利用提供参考。
Flavor is one of the main factor affecting the acceptance of consumers to food. To investigate the difference in volatile compounds of different sanghuang fungi, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatile compounds from two Sanghuangporus sanghuang strains, three S. vaninii strains, one S. lonicericola strain, and one Inonotus hispidus strain. The contribution of the different components to the overall flavour was analysed in relation to relative odor activity value (ROAV). Sixty-two volatile compounds were detected from seven tested strains by CAR/PDMS and DVB/CAR/PDMS extraction heads, including 31 common components, indicating that using multiple types of extraction heads could improve the extraction effect. Overall, the CAR/PDMS extraction head was more effective in extracting volatiles from S. lonicericola SH77, I. hispidus SH86, and S. vaninii SH91, and the DVB/CAR/PDMS extraction head was more effective in extracting volatiles from S. vaninii SH48, S. sanghuang SH89, S. vaninii SH92, and S. sanghuang SH93. The main volatiles of seven strains differed considerably, and the volatile components of the same species of sanghuang fungi are more or less similar. The main volatile component shared by seven strains was hexanal. The main volatile components (ROAV≥1) shared by S. sanghuang strains SH89 and SH93 are naphthalene, nonanal, hexanal, and 2-undecanone, while the main volatile components of S. vaninii strains SH48, SH91, and SH92 are hexanal, and the main volatile components of S. lonicericola SH77 are nonanal, decanal, etc. The main volatile components of I. hispidus SH86 are heptanal, 1-heptanol, etc. Comparison of the volatile substances of S. vaninii SH91 in three different cultivation time showed that the volatiles were comparatively dense in 50 days and the lightest in 100 days. This study provides reference for further improvement of sanghuang cultivars in the development and utilization of the fungal products.
桑树桑黄 / 瓦尼桑黄 / 忍冬桑黄 / 粗毛纤孔菌 / 顶空固相微萃取 / 气相色谱质谱 / 挥发性成分 / 相对气味活度值 {{custom_keyword}} /
Sanghuangporus sanghuang / S. vaninii / S. lonicericola / Inonotus hispidus / headspace solid-phase microextraction / gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / volatile compounds / relative odor activity value {{custom_keyword}} /
图3 剑孢新赤壳 (HMAS 290889)A-C：自然基物上的子囊壳;D,E：25 ℃培养7 d的菌落形态 (D：PDA;E：SNA);F：子囊壳纵切面结构;G-I：子囊及子囊孢子;J-L：子囊孢子;M,N：分生孢子梗和小型分生孢子;O：小型分生孢子;P-S：大型分生孢子. 标尺：A-C=1 mm;F=50 μm;G-S=10 μm Fig. 3 Neocosmospora protoensiformis (HMAS 290889). A-C: Ascomata on natural substratum; D, E: Colonies after 7 d at 25 °C (D: PDA; E: SNA); F: Median section of an ascoma; G-I: Asci with ascospores; J-L: Ascospores; M, N: Conidiophores and microconidia; O: Microconidia; P-S: Macroconidia. Bars: A-C=1 mm; F=50 μm; G-S=10 μm. |
图5 瘤顶赤壳 (HMAS 290890)A-C：自然基物上的子囊壳;D,E：25 ℃培养14 d的菌落形态 (D：PDA;E：SNA);F：子囊壳纵切面结构;G-K：分生孢子梗和分生孢子;L：厚垣孢子. 标尺：A-C=1 mm;F=50 μm;G-L=10 μm Fig. 5 Tumenectria laetidisca (HMAS 290890). A-C: Ascomata on natural substratum; D, E: Colonies after 14 d at 25 °C (D: PDA; E: SNA); F: Median section of an ascoma; G-K: Conidiophores and conidia; L: Chlamydospores. Bars: A-C=1 mm; F=50 μm; G-L=10 μm. |
图6 基于ITS和LSU序列的MP树粗体显示5个中国新记录种的系统发育位置,MPBP大于50% (左)、BIPP大于90% (右)标注于分支节点上 Fig. 6 Maximum parsimony phylogram reconstructed from the combined sequences of ITS and LSU. the phylogenetic position of the five Nectriaceae species new to China. MPBP above 50% (left) showing and BIPP above 90% (right) are given respectively. |
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感谢吴洪丽研究员对本研究的支持和贡献，感谢彭西甜博士、丁安子老师、夏珍珍博士在实验方法上给予的建议和支持，感谢农业质量标准与检测技术研究所提供检测分析平台。
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