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Application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to the identification of three Ganoderma species
SUN Yifei, LIANG Jiandong, ZHOU Shuai, GUO Xiaoyu, CUI Baokai, ZHANG Jingsong, DAI Yucheng, FENG Na
Mycosystema ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4) : 240246.
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Application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to the identification of three Ganoderma species
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Twenty-six home and abroad strains of Ganoderma were identified as Ganoderma lingzhi, Ganoderma sinense, and Ganoderma sessile through phylogenetic analyses based on ITS+tef1 sequence dataset. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze mycelial triterpenoids of Ganoderma. The mass spectrometry analysis results indicated that in the mycelia of G. lingzhi, 10 common compounds, including ganoderic acid T and ganoderic acid S, were found. In the mycelia of G. sinense, 12 common compounds, including lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3β,15α,22β-triacetoxy-26-oic acid, were detected. In the mycelia of G. sessile, ganodermic acid Ja, lanosta-7,9(11),24-trien-3α-hydroxy- 26-oic acid, and 5 unknown compounds were identified. Similarity analysis was further conducted on the UV profiles of triterpenoids in G. lingzhi and G. sinense. The results showed that the similarity of samples from twelve strains of G. lingzhi to the reference profile was above 0.951, and the similarity of samples from ten strains of G. sinense to the reference profile was above 0.920, indicating high similarity among different strains in the same species. The results of the cluster analysis confirmed that using triterpenoids as indicators could correctly classified the twenty-six Ganoderma strains. The Ganoderma triterpenoid fingerprint profiles using LC-MS technology can serve as an auxiliary tool for Ganoderma identification.
Ganoderma / molecular biology identification / triterpenoids / liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS) / chemical taxonomy {{custom_keyword}} /
Fig. 1 Microscopic morphology and particle size distribution of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106. A, D: Aerial conidia; B, E: Blastospores; C, F: Submerged conidia. Bars=50 μm.图1 爪哇虫草IF-1106气生分生孢子、芽生孢子和液生分生孢子显微形态及粒径分布 A, D：气生分生孢子；B, E：芽生孢子；C, F：液生分生孢子. 标尺=50μm |
Fig. 4 MATH assay of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106. Data are means ± SD. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in one-way analysis of variance at α=0.05 level.图4 爪哇虫草IF-1106气生分生孢子、芽生孢子和液生分生孢子的碳氢吸附能力分析 数据代表平均值±标准差，不同字母表示在α=0.05水平上差异显著 |
Table 1 Contact angle and surface tension in suspension of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106表1 爪哇虫草IF-1106气生分生孢子、芽生孢子和液生分生孢子悬浮液的接触角与表面张力值 |
| 孢子类型 Spore type | 接触角 Contact angle | 表面张力 Surface tension |
|---|---|---|
| 气生分生孢子 Aerial conidia | (82.25±1.85)° a | 81.37±1.79 c |
| 芽生孢子 Blastospores | (81.88±0.8)° a | 91.34±1.12 b |
| 液生分生孢子 Submerged conidia | (78.81±0.96)° b | 97.13±2.49 a |
| 注：数据代表平均值±标准差，不同字母表示在α=0.05水平上差异显著. 下同 | |
| Note: Data are means ± SD. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in one-way analysis of variance at α=0.05 level. The same below. |
Fig. 7 The germination index-treatment time and UV-B irradiation energy-germination rate ExpDecl model fitting to three types of spores of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106.图7 爪哇虫草IF-1106 3种孢子热处理萌发指数-处理时间与UV-B紫外辐照能量-萌发率单指数衰弱模型拟合 |
Table 2 The germination index and treatment time fitting equation of three types of spores of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106表2 爪哇虫草IF-1106 3种孢子热处理萌发指数-处理时间拟合方程 |
| 孢子类型 Spore type | 萌发指数-处理时间拟合方程 Germination index-treatment time fitting equation | R2 | GT50 (h) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 气生分生孢子 Aerial conidia | Ig =1/(1+e(-2.16+1.65t)) | 0.948 7 | 1.31±0.02 b |
| 芽生孢子 Blastospores | Ig =1/(1+e(-2.22+2.42t)) | 0.937 8 | 0.91±0.02 c |
| 液生分生孢子 Submerged conidia | Ig =1/(1+e(-2.76+1.94t)) | 0.955 1 | 1.41±0.01 a |
Table 3 ExpDecl model fitting equation of UV-B irradiation energy-germination rate of three types of spores of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106表3 爪哇虫草IF-1106 3种孢子的UV-B紫外辐照能量-萌发率单指数衰弱模型拟合方程 |
| 孢子类型 Spore type | 单指数衰弱模型拟合方程 ExpDecl model fitting equation | | GD50 (J) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 气生分生孢子 Aerial conidia | y=-0.23+1.23e(-x/3.57) | 0.990 9 | 0.18±0.13 b |
| 芽生孢子 Blastospores | y=0.04+0.95e(-x/1.28) | 0.976 1 | 0.91±0.02 c |
| 液生分生孢子 Submerged conidia | y=-40.03+41.07e(-x/213.69) | 0.959 4 | 2.80±0.15 a |
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Fig. 1 Microscopic morphology and particle size distribution of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106. A, D: Aerial conidia; B, E: Blastospores; C, F: Submerged conidia. Bars=50 μm.Fig. 2 Morphology of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106 observed by SEM. A-C: Aerial conidia; D-F: Blastospores; G-I: Submerged conidia.Fig. 3 Transection morphology of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106 observed by TEM. A-D: Aerial conidia; E-H: Blastospores; I-L: Submerged conidia.Fig. 4 MATH assay of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106. Data are means ± SD. Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference in one-way analysis of variance at α=0.05 level.
Table 1 Contact angle and surface tension in suspension of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106Fig. 5 Zeta potential of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106 under different pH.Fig. 6 Germination rate of aerial conidia, blastospores and submerged conidia of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106.Fig. 7 The germination index-treatment time and UV-B irradiation energy-germination rate ExpDecl model fitting to three types of spores of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106.Table 2 The germination index and treatment time fitting equation of three types of spores of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106Table 3 ExpDecl model fitting equation of UV-B irradiation energy-germination rate of three types of spores of Cordyceps javanica IF-1106
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