Specimens on deposit in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae and newly collected materials of the genus Bisporella from different regions of China were examined. Fourteen species are identified including seven new species (B. filiformis, B. hubeiensis, B. magnispora, B. montana, B. pteridicola, B. shangrilana, B. sinica), four new Chinese records (B. iodocyanescens, B. tetraspora, B. triseptata, Bisporella sp. 3999), and three previously recorded species. Comparisons between the new species and their allies are made. A key to the known species of the genus in China is provided.
Four helotialean fungi, including a new species, Crocicreas fusarioides, and three new Chinese records, Hymenoscyphus dearnessii, H. koreanus and Lachnum rachidicola, are reported. Descriptions and illustrations of them, as well as DNA sequence data of H. koreanus and L. rachidicola, are provided.
The strain H1 of Aspergillus section Nigri isolated from the wine production region in Hexi Corridor, Gansu Province was investigated. The observation of its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA ITS, β-tubulin and calmodulin gene partial sequences consistently showed that the strain H1 was Aspergillus niger. Determination of toxin-producing ability based on the methods of HPLC-FLD and UPLC-MS/MS showed that strain H1 possessed the potential to produce ochratoxin A (OTA). It was found that YES medium is more conducive to the growth and OTA production of the strain than CYA medium. The strain grew slowly but had higher OTA yield at 18-25°C. After nine days of incubation at 18°C, its OTA production on YES medium reached a maximum value of 26.01μg/g YES. On the contrary, it grew quickly but had lower OTA yield at 30-37°C, and even failed to produce OTA at the maximum growth rate. The results indicate that temperature and nutrition are the major effective factors on OTA production of strain H1.
The specific composition of inner habiting fungi of the trunk of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica changed after being invaded by Sirex noctilio. The different species and quantities of the fungi at different health levels (healthy, weak and dead), and different heights (top, central and base) of the trunk were investigated. In total, 37 species of inner habiting fungi belonging to 25 genera were isolated. Thirteen species were isolated from the healthy trunk, and most of them were saprophytic and endophytic. Twenty-three species were isolated from the weak trunk, and most of them were pathogenic and saprophytic. Eleven species were isolated from the dead trunk and most of them were saprophytic. The highest isolation frequency (55.2%) for healthy trunk occurred in central part, and the maximum species number (nine species) occurred in the base part. The highest isolation frequency (100.8%) for weak trunk occurred in the top part, and the maximum species number (13 species) occurred in the base part. The highest isolation frequency (106.4%) for dead trunk occurred in the top part, and the maximum species number (eight species) occurred in the top part. The quantities of the fungi decreased progressively in order of dead>weakened>healthy trunk; the species number decreased progressively in order of weakened>healthy>dead trunk.
Field collecting, moist chamber culturing and species identifying of myxomycetes from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui were made in order to understand the species diversity of myxomycetes in the northern subtropical region of China. In total, 148 myxomycete species have been recognized from this region until now, belonging to 34 genera of eleven families in six orders. Among them, 108 species were found from Jiangsu including twelve species new to the province; 72 from Zhejiang including sixteen new to the province; 92 from Anhui including fifteen new to the province. The taxonomic positions and names of some species were emended. The habitats and distributions of each species from the three provinces were given. This result enriches the knowledge of myxomycetes in the subtropical region as well as in China.
Type of basidium, nuclear number in basidiospore and specific sequence distribution of A mating type factor in single spore isolates of Volvariella volvacea were studied. Based on the random migration of tetrad and meiotic products, the ratio of heterokaryotic and homokaryotic (or monokaryotic) basidiospores was analyzed. As a result, homokaryotic (or monokaryotic) basidiospores were obtained with average percentage of 92.86%, while heterokaryotic basidiospores 7.14%. Before sexual reproduction, homokaryotic (or monokaryotic) basidiospores need undergoing plasmogamy to form heterokaryon, exactly as in the case of heterothallic fungus. The heterokaryon germinated directly into heterokaryotic hyphae, bearing a resemblance to homothallic fungus.
Hot water extracts of Pleurotus eryngii fruiting body post-harvest wastes were separated by membrane ultrafiltration, and then treated with ethanol precipitation for obtaining a purified polysaccharide fraction PEP30. The total sugar content of PEP30 determined by phenol-sulfate method was 94.2%. HPSEC-MALLS-RI system was adopted to determine the molecular characteristics of this fraction. Analysis results indicated that PEP30 possessed high weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 3.74×106Da and small polydispersity of 1.03. Structural characteristics of PEP30 were distinguished by IR, monosaccharide composition analysis, methylation analysis and NMR technology. Results showed that PEP30 was a β-D-glucan, consisting of a backbone chain of β-(1→3)-linked-D-glucose residues, and one out of three being substituted at O-6 with single glucosyl residue.
The effects of fungal elicitor on the accumulation of Sanghuangporus sanghuang intracellular metabolites, such as flavonoids, triterpenoid and polysaccharide, were investigated. Three fungal polysaccharide elicitors were obtained through previous preliminary experiments. The optimal additive amount and stimulation time were optimized by using the best elicitor. The results indicated that the activated effects of the three fungal elicitors on the accumulation of S. sanghuang intracellular flavonoids and triterpenoid were notable, but the effects on the accumulation of intracellular polysaccharide were indistinctive. The elicitor obtained from Perenniporia tenuis mycelia in submerged fermentation owned good excitation effect and stability. After excitation condition optimization the intracellular flavonoid content was 79.49% higher as compared with the control, reaching 0.7% in the sixth day of cultivation under final concentration of 50mg/L and six-day elicitor stimulation. The highest intracellular triterpenoid content was up to 5.62% and became 3.43 times of the control under the final concentration of 50mg/L and five-day elicitor stimulation.
Lichens are symbiotic ecosystem of mostly ascomycetous fungi (mycobiont) and photosynthetic partners (photobiont) which are either green algae or cyanobacteria. Using cultured separated lichenized fungus Sarcogyne asciparva as material, sarcasciols A-H (1-8), eight new isoprenylated chromone derivatives have been isolated from scale-up culture. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated by mass spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The absolute configuration of C-6 in 1 was assigned by application of the modified Mosher’s method. The antibacterial activity of compounds 1-8 was revalued by 96-well plate method.
The screening of culture medium of Cordyceps cardinalis strain C033 was conducted to improve the yield of oosporein, and the fermentation conditions were optimized by single factor screening and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum fermentation medium contained potato, peptone, and dextrose, and optimum fermentation parameters were as follows: fermentation period of 6d, initial pH of 7.0, culture temperature of 24°C, inoculation volume of 6%, 100mL of liquid medium in a 500mL flask, and rotation rate of 120r/min. 448.70mg/mL of oosporein was obtained by using the optimal medium under the optimized fermentation condition, being 10.14 fold higher than the yield obtained under original fermentation condition. The results suggested that strain C033 may hold the potential for control of agricultural pests.
The extraction technology and free radical scavenging activities of Ganoderma lingzhi triterpenoids were studied by use of microwave-ultrasound extraction process. Based on single factor experiment, response surface methodology was used to optimize the process parameters. The effects of extraction duration, ultrasonic power, microwave power, and ethanol content were investigated. Results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were extractive duration 20min, ultrasonic power 730W, microwave power 650W and ethanol content 75%. Under the optimized conditions, the Ganoderma lingzhi triterpenoid extraction rate was 13.18mg/g, and ganoderma acid A was 2.5mg/g. DPPH scavenging effect shows that Ganoderma lingzhi triterpenoid is better than tea polyphenol.
Specimens of the mycoparasitic genus Hypomyses from Hunan and Guangdong provinces were examined. Three species, Hypomyces mycophilus, H. sibirinae and H. triseptatus, are found for the first time from China. Their descriptions and illustrations are provided based on observations of the Chinese materials.
Fuligo leviderma, a newly recorded myxomycete species of China, was collected from temperate forest in Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province. Its morphological characters and life cycle are described in this paper.
