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22 May 2021, Volume 40 Issue 5
    

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    Research papers
  • LIU Qi-Meng,SONG Hai-Yan,CHEN Run-Xiu,CHEN Ming-Hui,ZHAI Zhi-Jun,ZHOU Jian-Ping,GAO Yang,HU Dian-Ming
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 981-991. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200275
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    Chaxingu, formerly named as Agrocybe chaxingu, is an edible and medicinal mushroom widely cultivated in China. Its taxonomic identity is still ambiguous due to morphological similarity to Cyclocybe cylindracea. In this study, morphological characteristics and multiple genes’ phylogenetic evidence were employed to delimit the species. Our data indicated that A. chaxingu and C. cylindracea are two different but closely related species. Morphologically, A. chaxingu differs from C. cylindracea by its light brown to dark brown pileus with strongly oiltea camellia flavor, thin and easily broken annulus, and cylindrical to lageniform or cambiform cheilocystidia. A new combination, Cyclocybe chaxingu was proposed, and a neotype was designated (HFJAU1332, deposited at Herbarium of Jiangxi Agricultural University).

  • REN Wei, YANG Ren, ZHANG Yong-Xin, TANG Ming
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 992-1007. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200296
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    Cremastra appendiculata roots were collected from Haoping Station of Taibaishan Nature Reserve. The cultivable fungi were isolated from the pelotons and roots, and the fungal ITS sequences were used for molecular identification. The community diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots were analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to evaluate the influence of different altitudes (1 177m, 1 409m and 1 590m) and the physical and chemical properties of rhizosphere soil in the same habitat on the diversity of endophytic fungi in the roots of C. appendiculata. The result was that 79 fungal isolates were identified as 19 species. Ascomycetes were dominant including two species of Dothideomycetes and 17 species of Sordariomycetes. Among them, 12 taxa belonged to orchid mycorrhizal fungi. In total, 80 fungal bands were detected by DGGE. Alternaria alternata, Ilyonectria destructans and Trichoderma spp. were obtained by culture method. In addition, three species of basidiomycetes, which were not detected by culture method, were newly detected by DGGE. The diversity of fungal community was related to altitude and significantly affected by nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus in the rhizosphere soil. With the increase of altitude, the fungal richness and the Shannon-winner index decreased, while the Simpson index increased. This study provided a foundation for the further exploration of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in this area and a reference for artificial breeding of C. appendiculata.

  • SHAO Qiu-Yu, DONG Chun-Bo, ZHANG Zhi-Yuan, HAN Yan-Feng, LIANG Zong-Qi
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1008-1022. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200261
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    The soil of hospital grassplot is an important species repository of human pathogenic fungi or potential human pathogenic fungi. Airborne transmission of these soil particles and dust that carrying fungal spores increases the risk of nosocomial fungal infections, which has become an increasingly serious public health problem. Studies has shown that many higher plants, especially medicinal plants, have strong antifungal properties. Through the high-throughput sequencing technique and simulated pot experiments, the effects of Perilla frutescens on the fungal community composition and ecological guild structure in specific soil were studied and analyzed. The results indicated that dominant groups of fungal community significantly changed with the change of P. frutescens growth period. The dominant genus varied from Metarhizium (60.94%) in original hospital soil (PTS) to Mortierella (21.34%) in the soil of growing period (GZS), an unclassified genus in Didymellaceae (47.22%) in soil of flowering period (FZS) and an unclassified genus in Sordariales (12.67%) in soil of withering period (WZS). The sequence data sets were further analyzed by the FUNGuild platform. It was found that planting P. frutescens could change fungal ecological guilds in the soil significantly. Some fungal taxa varied their ecological function from animal pathogen to saprotroph and/or symbiotroph. The relative abundance of animal pathogen (including potential human pathogens) decreased from 61.36% in the original soil (PTS) to 2.48% in soil of vegetative growing period (GZS), 1.40% in soil of flowering period (FZS) and 6.09% in soil of wilting period (WZS) of P. frutescens. Results indicated that planting P. frutescens could regulate the composition and relative abundance of fungal community in the soil to a certain extent, especially reduce human potential pathogens, alleviating the threat of pathogens to human health. Introduction of medicinal plants into hospital grassplot soil seems advantageous to maintain the nosocomial public health safety.

  • LI Ya-Jie, WEN Zhi-Xin, MENG Nan, LI Xue-Jun, MI Rui, DU Xing-Fan
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1023-1038. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200243
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    In order to illustrate the change of metabolites of tussah pupa-cultivated Cordyceps militaris at different growth stages, widely-targeted metabolomics technology was applied to compare the metabolite products and the metabolic pathways of different metabolites were analyzed. In total, 421 compounds of 10 classes were detected from five growth stages of C. militaris, including amino acids and their derivatives, terpenoids, phenolic acids, organic acids, steroids, lipids, alkaloids, quinones, nucleotides and their derivatives and so on. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the metabolome of cordyceps exhibited different metabolic characteristics at different growth stages. The samples of five growth periods were classified into three different regions in the score map. Control (S1) and initial stroma stage (S3) were classified into the same category, selerotized stage (S2) was classified into one category alone, and selerotium germination stage (S4) and perithecium formation stage (S5) were classified into other category. And 36 specific metabolites were found from S1-S5, including main active substances such as cordycepin and cordycepic acid. Vanillin, 5-hydroxytryptamine and -tocopherol were firstly detected in C. militaris. The top 20 significantly different components at different growth stages belong to secondary metabolites, such as organic acids, phenolic acids, alkaloids, nucleotides and their derivatives, showing significant up-down regulation. All the differentially metabolites screened from five growth stages were enriched in 154 metabolic pathways, of which top five were metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, ABC transporters, purine metabolism, and aminoacyl biosynthesis. The pathways with most significant influence were purine, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism pathways. This study provides primary reference for the further study and application of C. militaris cultivated on tussah silkworm.

  • QIN Peng, LU Deng-Xue, ZHAO Yu-Hui, WEI Jia-Qian, WANG Zhi-Ye
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1039-1053. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200298
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    UPLC-QTOF-MS widely-targeted metabolomics combined with multivariate statistical methods was applied to compare differential metabolism between mycelium of two strains of Cordyceps militaris with different cordycepin production capacity under the same culture time, based on relative content variation of differential metabolites at different fermentation time. The results showed that cordycepin content in mycelial powder (H20 and H10 individually obtained on day 20 and day 10 of fermentation) and liquid broth of the strain CICC 14014 were significantly higher than that in mycelial powder (L20 and L10) and liquid broth of the strain CGMCC 3.4655 (P<0.01). Results of PCA showed obvious difference among four perimental groups (H20, H10, L20, and L10). The differential metabolites selected in condition of P<0.05 and VIP>1 using OPLS-DA analysis were 190 (H10 vs L10) and 158 (H20 vs L20). Bioactive spermidine was first found in four samples. Analysis of pathway enrichment indicated two significantly enriched pathways (P<0.01). Differential metabolites of H10 vs L10 and H20 vs L20 were enriched in the pathways of nicotinate-nicotinamid and arginine-proline metabolism, respectively. According to the analytic results of metabolic regulatory network of H10 vs L10 and H20 vs L20, seven significantly interactive pathways were selected. The pathway of base excision repair was the same interactive pathway. It is assumed that the inhibition of TCA cycle, riboflavin metabolism, lysine degradation and sphingolipid metabolism and the acceleration of base excision repair, β-alanine metabolism, arginine-proline metabolism, lipid metabolism and purine metabolism are considered to promote cordycepin production. The efficiency of triglyceride metabolism and adenosine synthesis in strain CICC 14014 with high cordycepin-producing capacity is higher than that in strain CGMCC 3.4655 with low cordycepin content. Adenine accelerates cordycepin biosynthesis through xanthine metabolism involved in purine metabolic pathway. The conclusion of our research provide a basis for detection of new bioactive compounds and for uncovery of cordycepin metabolism in strain of C. militaris.

  • GE Wei,ZHANG Zhi-Yuan,DONG Chun-Bo,SHAO Qiu-Yu,LIU Yu-Xing,HAN Yan-Feng,LIANG Zong-Qi
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1054-1073. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.210044
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    Wild Cantharellus cibarius fruiting bodies were collected from three sample plots in Guiyang city, Guizhou Province. The culturable bacteria and fungi in the fruiting bodies were isolated from the colonies growing in different culture media and they were identified through phylogeny analysis of ITS sequences and morphology. The functional groups were annotated using FAPROTAX and FUNGuild databases, and the effects of microbiota on the growth and development of C. cibarius were discussed. In total, 49 isolates of bacteria were obtained from the fruiting bodies of C. cibarius, belonging to 2 phyla, 4 classes, 6 orders, 9 families, 12 genera and 27 species. Among them, the dominant genus was Pseudomonas. A total of 90 fungal isolates was obtained, belonging to 3 phyla, 7 classes, 12 orders, 26 families, 32 genera and 44 species. The dominant genus was Lecanicillium. The analysis of functional groups showed that the bacteria mainly acted on nitrogen cycle, aromatic compound degradation and dissolution of insoluble chemicals and so on, and the fungi mainly acted on decomposing complex organic compounds, assisting C. cibarius to establish symbiosis with plant root, and inhibiting insect pests and pathogen infection and so on.

  • LV Bei-Bei,WU Xiao,MO Qin,SUN Yu,JIANG Wei,HUANG Yan-Na,WU Guo-Gan,SONG Li-Li,WANG Jin-Bin,LI Peng,LIU Gang,TANG Xue-Ming
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1074-1086. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200289
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    The transcriptome variations of Volvariella volvacea during the early stage of low temperature challenge (0-120min) were analyzed by using expression profile chip technology. Microarray analysis showed that under low temperature treatment for 20min differentially expressed genes enriched monooxygenase activity, oxidoreductase activity and oxidation- reduction process. After 40min of low temperature treatment, the differentially expressed genes enriched the function of binding RNA. In the period of 80min, genes concentrated on the metabolism of nucleic acid and energy. The metabolic pathway of CYP450 was significantly changed during the induction of low temperature (20-40min, 60-80min and 100-120min), indicating that this pathway was active during the low-temperature treatment and CYP450 might play an important role. Gene expression trend analysis showed that 34 differentially expressed genes were classified in the significant expression trend model. Gene co-expression network analysis results show that VVO_04066 is located in the core of the network, and it may improve the intracellular level of phosphoinositol specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) and promote the synthesis of glycoprotein and chitin, completing the low temperature stress response of Volvariella volvacea.

  • JIN Zhi-Bo, XIE Ling, WANG You-Shan, KONG Yu, LIU Fang, ZHU Zheng-Jie
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1087-1098. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200257
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    Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have potential role in the biocontrol of soil-borne diseases, including plant parasitic nematodes, and can improve the growth of plants. The growth of tomato seedlings colonized by AMF in different substrates with or without supplement of commercial biological fertilizer was evaluated. The tomato seedlings inoculated with Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) were cultivated in two types of substrate, a commercial cultivation medium and the mixture of peat and vermiculite (2:1). The seedlings grown in the commercial substrate showed increase in shoot length, stem diameter, shoot and root dry weights as compared with those in the mixture of vermiculite and peat. However, the application of the biological fertilizer inhibited the colonization of AMF (Ri) in the mixture of peat and vermiculite though the fertilizer enhanced the growth of seedlings. The seedlings in the commercial medium appeared to be higher in health index and lower in Ri colonization (averagely 44%) than those in the mixture of vermiculite and peat (2:1) (colonization rate reached 71%). The effects of tomato seedlings inoculated with Glomus versiforme (Gv), Ri and the mixture of Gv and Ri on Meloidogyne incognita infestation were investigated in the continuous cropping field soil. The tomato seedlings inoculated with AMF showed inhibition to the root-knot nematode in the field soil containing averagely 7.3 second-stage juveniles per gram of soil. The inoculation of the mixture of Gv and Ri demonstrated the greatest control effects and reduced the number of galls and egg masses of the nematode (decreased by 22.8% and 23.5% respectively).

  • ZHAO Li-Na, XU Jun-Wei
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1099-1109. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200334
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    Polysaccharide is one of the main bioactive components of Ganoderma lingzhi and exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, however, the low production titer of polysaccharide greatly limits its wide application. Research has shown that overexpression of polysaccharide biosynthetic related genes results in increase of polysaccharide production in Ganoderma lingzhi, yet no study reports the enhancement of polysaccharide production through overexpression of the GDP-D-mannose pyrophosphorylase (GMP) gene. In this study, the gmp gene was cloned and the gmp gene over-expression strain (GMP strain) was successfully constructed, and further, intracellular polysaccharide (IPS) and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production and the expression of phosphomannomutase 1 (PMM1) gene and phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2) gene related to GDP-mannose synthesis of wild-type strain (WT) and GMP engineered strain were analyzed. Results showed that the overexpression of gmp gene increased the accumulation of polysaccharide in Ganoderma lingzhi submerged culture. The highest content of EPS and IPS of the GMP overexpression strain reached 0.991g/L and 21.59mg/100mg dry weight, and was 21.1% and 19.5% higher than those of the WT strain. Moreover, the results showed that the overexpression of gmp gene in Ganoderma lingzhi also improved expression of pmm1 and pmm2 genes. Compared with the WT strain, the expression levels of pmm1 and pmm2 genes in the GMP strain were up-regulated by 2.87 times and 2.55 times, respectively. This study demonstrated that overexpression of gmp gene was an effective method to increase the production of Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharides. The increase of gmp gene expression improved the synthesis of Ganoderma lingzhi polysaccharide and the expression of pmm1 and pmm2 genes.

  • ZHANG Yu, TANG Ming
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1110-1122. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200308
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    Investigation was made on the changes of biomass, content of malonaldehyde (MDA), proline content of root, stem and leaf, cellulose content of stem, and disease-resistance enzyme activities such as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), chitinase, polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase of 1-year-old cuttings of Populus cathayana after inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis and Dothiorella gregaria, causal agent of poplar canker disease. The results indicated that AMF inoculation could promote the root and stem biomass of P. cathayana, increase cellulose content of stem to enhance tree vigor, and reduce the infection rate of canker disease. AMF inoculation could significantly decrease the content of MDA in the stem and root of infected poplar, increase the proline accumulation in leaf and root, and increase the activities of PPO in root, stem and leaf, SOD in stem and CAT in leaf. AMF inoculation not only increased chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities in stem and root at the early stage, but increased the activities of polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase in leaf and stem. The effect of AMF seemed more significant under pathogen stress. Our conclusion was that AMF could improve the disease resistance of poplar by accumulating proline, reducing MDA content, increasing SOD, CAT, and PPO activities, and promoting polygalacturonase and pectin methyl esterase activities to inhibit the growth of pathogen hyphae.

  • CAO Yong-Jia,MA Hong-Fei,CUI Bao-Kai,SI Jing,DAI Yu-Cheng
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1123-1139. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.210002
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    The capabilities of pretreating lignocellulose of three typical white rot fungi, G. applanatum, T. hirsuta, and F. fomentarius, under solid-state fermentation were assessed, and activities of the laccase, filter paper cellulase, and xylanase were determined. In addition, influences of environmental factors such as organic nutrition, inorganic salts, metallic ions, and surfactants on degradation of lignocellulose were also explored. This study aims at providing basis for confirming the effects and efficiency of white rot fungal strains and environmental factors on pretreatment and bioconversion of lignocellulose biomass. The results demonstrated that the lignocellulolytic enzymes secreted by the three strains exhibited a trend of rise at first and then declining within 10 weeks. The enzymatic activities were significantly high, and the enzymes could be used as alternatives for pretreatment of lignocellulose biomass. By contrast with coniferous (Larix sp.) substrate, broad-leaved (Betula sp.) substrate was more suitable for the fungal growth and secretion of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Addition of Cu 2+ can improve laccase activity. Surfactants have a significant induction effect on the activities of three enzymes.

  • LI Feng-Ming, CHEN Jia-Ying, LV Zhen-Cheng, XU Liang-Xiong, HUANG Ri-Ming
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1140-1147. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200290
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    Linoleic acid was isolated as the major compound from the active fractions of corn fermented with an Rumex acetosa endophyte Fusarium sp. HU0298. GC analysis and activity evaluation proved that linoleic acid was the main active component. Structure-activity relationship between fatty acids’ structures and anti-MRSA activities showed that the antibacterial activity against MRSA of different fatty acids was closely related to their chain length and unsaturated level. The results revealed the active substance of anti-MRSA of Fusarium sp. HU0298, and enriched the diversity of the antibacterial metabolites of Fusarium fungi, providing a new idea for developing the safe and effective drugs against MRSA.

  • GUO Lin, GENG Yan, YUE Yuan-Jia, REN Yi-Lin, LI Hua-Zhong, XU Zheng-Hong
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1148-1159. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200276
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    Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal fungus, which has been used to treat gastrointestinal disorders and the dried mycelial product can be obtained by expended submerged culture. The effect on the gut microbiota community of H. erinaceus has not been investigated thoroughly. In this study, the treatment effect of dried powder of the mycelia of H. erinaceus (HE, 300mg/kg/d) combined with the gold standard drug 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, 150mg/kg/d) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice was evaluated. The result indicated that HE or 5-ASA attenuated acute colitis evidenced by the reduction of body weight loss and DAI score. The HE and 5-ASA combination treatment significantly inhibited the inflammatory response by lowering tumor necrosis factor (Tnf-α) and interleukin-β (Il-β) gene expression in colon tissues. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that gut microbiota composition in mice was changed by the combination treatment, and the richness of colonic microbes increased and intestinal micro-ecology rebalanced, resulting in an increase of Parabacteroides distasonis in vivo. In vitro fermentation using human fecal as inoculum further demonstrated that HE and 5-ASA increased the abundance of P. distasonis. In conclusion, combination usage of HE with 5-ASA could effectively inhibit the inflammatory response and modulate gut microbiota in colitis probably via raising the abundance of P. distasonis.

  • YANG Jing, NI Jia-Liang, GAO Yue-Ying
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1160-1169. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200282
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    The potential protective effect of cordycepin on cholestatic liver injury and its mechanism were investigated. An animal model of liver injury induced by ANIT in mice was established. The hepatoprotective effect of cordycepin was estimated by detecting the changes of serum biochemical parameters and observing the pathological changes of tissue sections via HE staining. Western blot analysis and real-time PCR were used to evaluated changes of bile acid synthesis, transport and inflammatory factor. Compared with the model experimental group, cordycepin can effectively reduce serum total bile acid level and improve liver function. Cordycepin significantly reduced liver pathological damage and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Moreover, cordycepin can activated bile acid nuclear recepter (FXR), up-regulated the expression of bile acid transporters (NTCP, BSEP), alleviating the intrahepatic bile acids. In addition, cordycepin inhibits the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in the liver via the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results indicate that cordycepin shows hepatoprotective effects on ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury, and the underlying mechanism may be related to reducing the intrahepatic bile acids and suppressing the inflammatory reaction.

  • QI Yuan-Cheng, MA Lin, ZHANG Rui-Xia, WEN Qing, SHEN Jin-Wen
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1170-1179. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200255
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    Primordium stage is a key development stage of Pleurotus ostreatus. In this study, the effects of mycelial mechanical damage treatment on the primordium formation of P. ostreatus New 831 were reported. The mechanical damage treatment was carried out after the mycelia were over grown on the plate. Samples were taken every four days until the beginning of primordium stage, and the reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation levels in treated groups and control group were measured. The expression levels of Po.WC-1, Po.WC-2, fst3 and fst4 were analyzed by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the reactive oxygen species levels of both groups increased at first and then decreased. The level of reactive oxygen species of the treated groups was generally improved, and primordium formation was significantly advanced. These results indicated that the increase of reactive oxygen species level might promote the primordium formation of P. ostreatus. The expression levels of Po.WC-1, Po.WC-2, fst3 and fst4 changed after mechanical damage treatment, and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that they might be involved in the regulation of primordium formation. The significant up-regulation of Po.WC-2 and fst3 on day 8 may promote the formation of primordium. The mechanism of mechanical damage in the process of P. ostreatus primordium formation needs further study.

  • SHEN Ying-Yue, SONG Ting-Ting, CAI Wei-Ming, FAN Li-Jun
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1180-1189. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200291
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    The texture is a series of indices determining the taste quality and shelf life of Lentinula edodes. The texture at four different fruiting-body postions, stipe (P1), cap center (P2), cap top (P3), and tissue around the cap (P4) of four Lentinula edodes cultivated strains including two parents ZX6 and Lsm9 and their hybrids (F1, L4*6 and L1*11) was evaluated by using texture profile analysis (TPA) and traditional sensory compactness rating for the first time. Correlation analysis showed there were significant correlations between the sensory compactness rating and six TPA texture indices, indicating that the TPA indices can be used as the quantitative parameters instead of traditional compactness rating system. Correlation analysis between different sampling positions showed that P2 had the largest correlation scope with other three cap parts among the seven texture indices, being consistent with the result of principal component analysis (PCA). Besides, the significant positive correlations were observed among hardness 1, adhesion, hardness 2, elasticity, stickiness and chewiness. So far as variety and heredity are concerned, except the lower cohesiveness, ZX6 has higher level of texture indices than Lsm9. Hardness 1, hardness 2, springness, stickiness and chewiness of the F1 hybrid L4*6 showed no obvious differences from those of Lsm9, while hardness1, hardness2 and gumminess of L1*11 were obviously lower than those of parent Lsm9, indicating the tremendous transgressive segregation of L1*11 was observed. Fruit-body texture in Lentinula edodes F2 segregation population needs further investigation.

  • PENG Xiao-Fang, TIAN Zhen, HAN Wei, WANG Chen-Guang, FENG Na, ZHANG Jing-Song
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1190-1199. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200335
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    A method to rapidly prepare ganodermenonol from the fruiting body extract of Ganoderma lingzhi was established. The fruiting body of G. lingzhi Hunong No.1 was used as raw material. After ethanol extraction, D101 macroporous resin enrichment, and one time normal phase column chromatography, the fraction rich in ganodermenonol was obtained. The fraction was separated by high-speed countercurrent chromatography, and the separation conditions were optimized. The best conditions obtained were: solvent system of hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-water (V/V/V/V, 12:24:18:9), flow rate of 2.0mL/min, rotation speed of 900r/min, and loading quantity of 500mg. The ganodermenonol yield of 52.1mg per load could be obtained, with purity of 90.9% and yielding rate of 10.4%. This method is of simple operation, low pollution and cost, with obtained product of high yield and purity, and is a new method for large-scale preparation of ganodermenonol.

  • Short communications
  • CHEN Han, DING Gang, SUN Bing-Da, ZHANG Zheng, WANG Long, CHEN Amanda-Juan
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1200-1215. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200288
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    Species in the genus Talaromyces are widely distributed in air and soil, some species are important producers of industrial enzymes and pigment, and certain species, e.g. Talaromyces marneffei, were reported to cause superficial or disseminated infections to humanity. Talaromyces traditionally is a teleomorphic genus, but according to polyphasic taxonomy and “one fungus, one name” rules, nowaday concept of this genus has changed greatly. This genus now contains about 177 species. In this paper, the taxonomic status, species concepts and morphological differences of Talaromyces species are reviewed. In addition, three new Chinese records, Talaromyces amazonensis, T. chloroloma and T. minnesotensis are described based on multigene phylogenetic analysis and morphological observations, and their differences with ex-type cultures were compared in detail.

  • SHAN Xia-Nan,XU Ke-Xin,RUAN Yong-Ming,WANG Long
    MYCOSYSTEMA. 2021, 40(5): 1216-1231. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200323
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    In the survey of Talaromyces species diversity in China, ten isolates were identified as T. amestolkiae, T. atroroseus, T. fuscoviridis, T. kendrickii, T. stollii and T. versatilis, respectively, according to morphological characters and the combined phylogenetic analysis of the β-tubulin gene, calmodulin gene and rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences. Among the six species, the latter four species belonging to section Talaromyces are new to China. T. fuscoviridis grows moderately, presenting the characteristic dark-green colony reverse on MEA, forming velutinous to compact floccose colonies with sparse grey-coloured sporulation and biverticillate and monoverticillate penicilli with ampuliform phialides; T. kendrickii also grows moderately, forming typical velutinous colonies and abundant dull-green sporulation and compact biverticillate and irregular penicilli with ampuliform phialides; T. stollii grows fast and forms velutinous and floccose colonies with abundant grey-green sporulation, bearing compact biverticillate and terverticillate penicilli with typical acerose phialides; T. versatilis grows fast and forms floccose and funiculous colonies with dirty pinkish mycelium and sparse greyish sporulation, and produces loosely positioned biverticillate and monoverticillate penicilli.