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菌物学报  2015 , 34 (4): 553-568 https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150025

Orginal Article

猴头菌属药用真菌活性次级代谢产物研究概况

汪锴1, 陈保送1, 宝丽1, 马轲1, 韩俊杰1, 王琦2, 郭顺星3, 刘宏伟1*

1中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室 北京100101
2吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心 吉林 长春 130118
3中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院药物研究所 北京100193

A review of research on the active secondary metabolites of Hericium species

WANG Kai1, CHEN Bao-Song1, BAO Li1, MA Ke1, HAN Jun-Jie1, WANG Qi2, GUO Shun-Xing3, LIU Hong-Wei1*

1State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin 130118, China
3The Institute of Medicinal Plant Development of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China

通讯作者:  *Corresponding author. E-mail:liuhw@im.ac.cn*Corresponding author. E-mail:liuhw@im.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2015-02-2

接受日期:  2015-05-10

网络出版日期:  2015-09-22

版权声明:  2015 中国科学院微生物研究所《菌物学报》编辑部 版权所有 

基金资助:  国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2014CB138304)国家自然科学基金(21472233)

作者简介:

并列第一作者

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摘要

对猴头菌属药用真菌的次级代谢产物化学、生物活性研究进行了综述。目前已经从猴头菌属真菌中发现了83个不同类型的活性次级代谢产物,主要包含二萜类、酚类、脂肪酸类、甾体、生物碱类化合物;这些化学成分显示了抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗糖尿病、促进神经生长因子合成等多种活性。文中讨论了目前研究的主要问题并对其前景进行了展望。

关键词: 猴头菌 ; 次级代谢产物 ; 生物活性

Abstract

The chemistry and the biological activities of the secondary metabolites from Hericium species are reviewed. Up to dates, 83 bioactive compounds belonging to terpeniods, phenolics, fatty acids, steroids, alkaloids have been reported in the mycelia and the fruiting bodies of Hericium species. These compounds show various bioactivities, such as antitumor, antibacterial and hypoglycemic effects, and stimulatory effects to the synthesis of nerve growth factor. The problems existing in researches and the development trends of studies on Hercium medicinal mushrooms are discussed in this review.

Keywords: Hericium species ; secondary metabolites ; pharmacological action

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汪锴, 陈保送, 宝丽, 马轲, 韩俊杰, 王琦, 郭顺星, 刘宏伟. 猴头菌属药用真菌活性次级代谢产物研究概况[J]. , 2015, 34(4): 553-568 https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150025

WANG Kai, CHEN Bao-Song, BAO Li, MA Ke, HAN Jun-Jie, WANG Qi, GUO Shun-Xing, LIU Hong-Wei. A review of research on the active secondary metabolites of Hericium species[J]. 菌物学报, 2015, 34(4): 553-568 https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.150025

猴头菌属 Hericium Pers.世界范围内有15个种,戴玉成等(2010)在《中国食用菌名录》中收录了4种我国常见食用猴头菌:高山猴头菌 H. alpestre Pers.、卷须猴头菌 H cirrhatum (Pers.) Nikol. [=Steccherinum cirrhatum (Pers.) Teng]、珊瑚猴头菌 H coralloides (Scop.) Pers. [=H. caput-ursi (Fr.) Corner= H. laciniatum (Leers) Banker=H. ramosum (Bull.) Letell. ]、猴头菌 H. erinaceus (Bull.) Pers. [=H. caput-medusae (Bull.) Pers. ]。猴头菇是我国传统的食药兼用大型真菌(戴玉成和杨祝良2008),兼具很高的食用价值和药用价值,三国时期《临海水土异物志》中称:“民皆好啖猴头羹,虽五肉臛不能及之,其俗言曰:宁负千石粟,不负猴头羹。”《新华本草纲要》中记载其利五脏,主治消化不良,神经衰弱,身体虚弱等多种疾病。

现代医学研究发现,猴头菌的活性成分具有保肝护胃、降血糖、保护神经、抗癌、抗衰老、抗氧化等功效。本文对近20多年来国内外陆续报道的次级代谢产物的化学结构以及药理活性进行了综述,以供读者参考。

1 猴头菌中的化学成分及其药理作用

作为一种重要的食药兼用大型真菌,猴头菌次级代谢产物的研究起始于1990年,此后在其子实体、菌丝体中分离得到了多种化合物,目前为止共发现了83个不同类型的活性成分,包括二萜类化合物、酚类化合物、脂肪酸类化合物、甾体化合物、生物碱类化合物,并对其中一些重要化合物的药理活性进行了深入的研究。现将猴头菌中分离得到的化合物信息归类整理(表1)。

1.1 吡喃酮类化合物

猴头菌中吡喃酮类化合物均从菌丝体中分离得到,Qian et al.(1990)从猴头菌菌丝体中分离得到2个吡喃酮类化合物(5,6),Kawagishi et al.(1992)从该种的菌丝体中也发现了2个吡喃酮类化合物命名为Erinapyrone A (1)和Erinapyrone B (2),并报道了该化合物对于HeLa细胞系的弱细胞毒活性(1为0.88mmol/L,2为1.76mmol/L)。Arnone et al.(1994)发现了一个带有三元氧环结构的吡喃酮类化合物(5),并发现该化合物具有中等强度的抗革兰氏阳性菌活性。Wu et al.(2015)从猴头菌菌丝体中分离得到一系列吡喃酮类化合物 (1,2,4,6)并发现它们抑制生菜根生长活性,该发现说明猴头菌在生物防治方面的应用具有一定前景(图1)。

1.2 酚类化合物

酚类化合物在猴头菌子实体和菌丝体中均有发现,Okamtoto et al.(1993)从猴头菌菌丝体中发现3个具有抗菌活性的化合物(7,8,9);Kurz et al.(1999)从猴头菌菌丝体中发现3个具有降血糖活性的酚类化合物Hericenal A (10),Hericenal B (11),Hericenal C (12)并申请欧洲专利一项;Kawagishi et al.(1991)从猴头菌子实体中分离得到3个带有脂肪酸长链的酚类化合物,命名为Hericenone D (16),Hericenone E (17),Hericenone F (18),并发现该类化合物具有较强的促进神经生长因子合成活性(33µg/mL);Ma et al.(2010)也从猴头菌子实体中分离得到了2个带有脂肪酸长链的酚类化合物Hericenone I (19)和Hericene D (20),并发现了该类化合物对人食管癌细胞系EC109的细胞毒活性;近年,韩国Li et al.(2014)也发现一个新的具有核因子κB抑制活性的脂肪酸长链酚类化合物Hericene D [该化合物的命名与Ma et al. (2010)的命名重复],同时也发现了化合物13,14,15,16,17,19的核因子κB抑制活性,证明了该类化合物在免疫系统疾病中的作用;该类带有脂肪酸长链的酚类化合物同样在猴头菌菌丝体中发现,Arnone et al.(1994)从猴头菌菌丝体中也分离到3个带有脂肪酸长链的酚类化合物,命名为Hericene A (13),Hericene B (14),Hericene C (15),并报道了Hericene A (13) 的弱HeLa细胞系细胞毒活性(图2)。

图1   化合物1-6结构

Fig. 1   Structure of compounds 1-6.

表1   猴头菌中分离得到的化合物(1-83)

Table 1   Compounds isolated from Hericium erinaceus (1-83)

编号
No.
化学名称
Chemical name
生物来源
Biological source
生物活性
Biological use
参考文献
References
吡喃酮类化合物
pyrones
1Erinapyrone A菌丝体Mycelium细胞毒活性Cytotoxicity
抑制生菜根生长活性
Suppress the growth of lettuce
Kawagishi et al. 1992

Wu et al. 2015
2Erinapyrone B菌丝体Mycelium细胞毒活性Cytotoxicity
抑制生菜根生长活性
Suppress the growth of lettuce
Kawagishi et al. 1992

Wu et al. 2015
3Erinapyrone C菌丝体Mycelium抗菌活性Anti-bacteria activityArnone et al. 1994
4Herierin III菌丝体Mycelium抑制生菜根生长活性
Suppress the growth of lettuce
Qian et al. 1990
Wu et al. 2015
5Herierin IV菌丝体MyceliumQian et al. 1990
6菌丝体Mycelium抑制生菜根生长活性
Suppress the growth of lettuce
Wu et al. 2015
酚类化合物
phenols
7菌丝体Mycelium抗菌活性Anti-bacterial activityOkamtoto et al. 1993
8菌丝体Mycelium抗菌活性Anti-bacterial activityOkamtoto et al. 1993
9菌丝体Mycelium抗菌活性Anti-bacterial activity
抑制生菜根生长活性
Suppress the growth of lettuce
Okamtoto et al. 1993

Wu et al. 2015
10Hericenal A菌丝体Mycelium降血糖活性
Hypoglycemic activity
EP0902002, 1999
11Hericenal B菌丝体Mycelium降血糖活性
Hypoglycemic activity
EP0902002, 1999
12Hericenal C菌丝体Mycelium降血糖活性Hypoglycemic activityEP0902002, 1999
13Hericene A菌丝体Mycelium细胞毒活性
Cytotoxicity
Arnone et al. 1994
核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制活性
Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inhibitory activity
Li et al. 2014
14Hericene B菌丝体Mycelium核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制活性
Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inhibitory activity
Arnone et al. 1994
Li et al. 2014
15Hericene C菌丝体Mycelium核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制活性
Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inhibitory activity
Arnone et al. 1994
Li et al. 2014
16Hericenone C子实体Fruiting body促进神经生长因子活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al. 1991
核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制活性
Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inhibitory activity
Li et al. 2014
17Hericenone D子实体Fruiting body促进神经生长因子活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al.1991
细胞毒活性CytotoxicityMa et al. 2010
核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制活性
Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inhibitory activity
Li et al. 2014
18Hericenone E子实体Fruiting body促进神经生长因子活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al. 1991
19Hericenone I子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性Cytotoxicity
核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制活性
Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inhibitory activity
Ma et al. 2010

Li et al. 2014
20Hericene D子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性CytotoxicityMa et al. 2010
21Hericene D子实体Fruiting body核因子κB(NF-κB)抑制活性
Nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inhibitory activity
Li et al. 2014
苯并呋喃酮类化合物
Benzofurans
22Erinaceolactone A菌丝体Mycelium抑制生菜根生长活性
Suppress the growth of lettuce
Kobayashi et al. 2014
23Erinaceolactone B菌丝体Mycelium抑制生菜根生长活性
Suppress the growth of lettuce
Kobayashi et al. 2014
24Erinaceolactone C菌丝体Mycelium抑制生菜根生长活性
Suppress the growth of lettuce
Kobayashi et al. 2014
25Hericenone A子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性CytotoxicityKawagishi et al.1990
26Erinacerin B子实体Fruiting bodyYaoita et al. 2005
27Hericenone I子实体Fruiting bodyUeda et al. 2008
28Hericenone J子实体Fruiting bodyUeda et al. 2008
色原酮类化合物
Chromones
29Hericenone F子实体Fruiting body促进神经生长因子活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al. 1993
30Hericenone G子实体Fruiting body促进神经生长因子活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al. 1993
31Hericenone H子实体Fruiting body促进神经生长因子活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al. 1993
323-hydroxyhericenone F子实体Fruiting body内质网应激抑制剂活性
Endoplasmic reticulum stress-
suppressive activity
Ueda et al. 2008
生物碱类化合物
alkaloids
33Hericirine子实体Fruiting body抗炎活性
Anti-inflammatory activity
Li et al. 2014
34Hericerin子实体Fruiting body抑制花粉管生长活性
Pollen tube growth suppressive activity
Kimura et al. 1991
35Hericenone B子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性CytotoxicityKawagishi et al. 1990
36Erinacerin A子实体Fruiting bodyYaoita et al. 2005
37Eriacerin C菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
38Eriacerin D菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
39Eriacerin E菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
40Eriacerin F菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
41Eriacerin G菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
42Eriacerin H菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
43Eriacerin I菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
44Eriacerin J菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
45Eriacerin K菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
46Eriacerin L菌丝体Mycelium葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity
Wang et al. 2015
脂肪酸类化合物
fatty acid
47子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性CytotoxicityKawagishi et al. 1990
甾醇类化合物
sterols
48Erinarol A子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性Cytotoxicity
PPAR α,γ激动剂活性
PPAR α, γ transactivational effect
Li et al. 2014
49Erinarol B子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性Cytotoxicity
PPAR α,γ激动剂活性
PPAR α, γ transactivational effect
Li et al. 2014
50Erinarol C子实体Fruiting bodyLi et al. 2014
51Erinarol D子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性
Cytotoxicity
Li et al. 2014
52Erinarol E子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性CytotoxicityLi et al. 2014
53Erinarol F子实体Fruiting body细胞毒活性CytotoxicityLi et al. 2014
54子实体Fruiting bodyLi et al. 2014
55子实体Fruiting bodyLi et al. 2014
56子实体Fruiting bodyLi et al. 2014
57子实体Fruiting bodyLi et al. 2014
58子实体Fruiting bodyLi et al. 2014
二萜类化合物
diterpenes
59Cyatha-3,12-diene菌丝体MyceliumKenmoku et al. 2001
60Cyatha-3(18),12-diene菌丝体MyceliumKenmoku et al. 2001
61Erinacol菌丝体MyceliumKenmoku et al. 2004
6211-O-acetylcyathin A3菌丝体MyceliumKenmoku et al. 2004
63Erinacine A菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
抗MRSA活性Anti-MRSA activity
Kawagishi et al. 1994

Kawagishi et al. 2006
64Erinacine B菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al. 994
65Erinacine C菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
抗MRSA活性
Anti-MRSA activity
Kawagishi et al. 1994

Kawagishi, et al. 2006
66Erinacine D菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al. 1996
67Erinacine E菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
κ阿片受体激动剂活性
Kappa opioid receptor agonist
抗MRSA活性Anti-MRSA activity
Kawagishi et al. 1996

Saito et al. 1998

Kawagishi et al. 2006
68Erinacine F菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al. 1996
69Erinacine G菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Kawagishi et al .1996
70菌丝体Myceliumκ阿片受体激动剂活性
Kappa opioid receptor agonist
Saito et al. 1998
71菌丝体Myceliumκ阿片受体激动剂活性
Kappa opioid receptor agonist
Saito et al. 1998
72菌丝体MyceliumSaito et al .1998
73Erinacine H菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Lee et al. 2000
74Erinacine I菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
Lee et al. 2000
75Erinacine J菌丝体Mycelium抗MRSA活性
Anti-MRSA activity
Kawagishi et al. 2006
76Erinacine K菌丝体Mycelium抗MRSA活性Anti-MRSA activityKawagishi et al. 2006
77Erinacine P菌丝体MyceliumKenmoku et al. 2000
78Erinacine Q菌丝体MyceliumKenmoku et al. 2002
79Erinacine R菌丝体MyceliumMa et al. 2008
80菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
JP8073486 1996
81菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
JP8073486 1996
82菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
JP7070168 1995
83菌丝体Mycelium促进神经因子生长活性
Stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF)-synthesis
JP7070168 1995

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1.3 苯并呋喃酮类化合物

Wu et al.(2015)从猴头菌子实体中分离得到了一个具有弱细胞毒活性的苯并呋喃酮类化合物Hericenone A (25),近日该实验室又从猴头菌菌丝体中发现了3个具有抑制生菜根生长活性的苯并呋喃酮类化合物Erinaceolactone A (22),Erinaceolactone B (23),Erinaceolactone C (24) 并通过X射线单晶衍射确定了化合物24的绝对结构;Yaoita et al.(2005),Ueda et al.(2008)也分别从猴头菌子实体中发现了3个新的苯并吡喃酮类化合物Erinacerin B (26),Hericenone I (27),Hericenone J (28)(图3)。

1.4 色原酮类化合物

Kawagishi et al.(1993)H. erinaceus子实体中发现了3个具有强促进神经生长因子合成活性的具有脂肪酸长链的色原酮类化合物Hericenone F (29),Hericenone G (30),Hericenone H (31);Ueda et al.(2008)也从猴头菌子实体中分离出一个具有内质网应激诱导剂活性的色原酮类化合物32(图4)。

图2   化合物7-21结构

Fig. 2   Structure of compounds 7-21.

图3   化合物22-28结构

Fig. 3   Structure of compounds 22-28.

图4   化合物29-32结构

Fig. 4   Structure of compounds 29-32.

图5   化合物33-46结构

Fig. 5   Structure of compounds 33-46.

1.5 生物碱

对于猴头菌中生物碱类化合物的报道较少,Kawagishi et al.(1990)Kimura et al.(1991)Yaoita et al.(2005)分别从猴头菌子实体中发现了具有细胞毒活性的Hericenone B (35),抑制花粉管生长活性的Hericerin (34),以及Heriacerin A (36);Kobayashi et al.(2012)完成了化合物Hericerin (34)的全合成与结构修正。Li et al.(2014)从猴头菌子实体中分离得到了一个抑制iNOS,COX-2蛋白表达的生物碱Hericirine (33),说明了猴头菌在抗炎症方面的作用。近日,本课题组Wang et al.(2015)从一株采自西藏地区的猴头菌H. erinaceus菌丝体中分离得到一系列具有葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性和弱细胞毒活性的生物碱类化合物 (34,37-46),这是首次从猴头菌菌丝体中发现的生物碱类化合物(图5)。

1.6 脂肪酸类化合物

在猴头菌中除发现具有营养作用的脂肪酸类物质外,Kawagishi et al.(1990)还从猴头菌子实体中发现了一个具有细胞毒活性的十八碳烯酸衍生物47(图6),同时该化合物还表现出对茶树花粉生长的抑制作用,随后Kuwahara et al.(1992)完成了该化合物的合成与绝对构型的确定。

1.7 甾醇类化合物

近年来有研究表明(Wang et al. 2014),甾醇类物质对胃黏膜有保护作用,猴头菌药物产品对胃炎、慢性萎缩性胃炎及浅表性胃炎的良好疗效可能就与猴头菌中的甾醇类物质有关。Li et al.(2014)从猴头菌子实体中分离得到了一系列带有脂肪酸长链的甾醇类化合物(53-58)并报道了部分化合物的细胞毒活性(48,49,51,52,53)与PPARα,γ激动剂活性(48,49)(图7)。

图6   化合物47结构

Fig. 6   Structure of compound 47.

图7   化合物48-58结构

Fig. 7   Structure of compounds 48-58.

图8   化合物59-83结构

Fig. 8   Structure of compounds 59-83.

1.8 二萜类化合物

自从1994年Kawagishi et al.(1994)从猴头菌H. erinaceus菌丝体中发现了一类具有5-6-7元环鸟巢烷型二萜类化合物Erinacine A (63),Erinacine B (64),Erinacine C (65)并报道了该类化合物的强促进神经生长因子合成活性之后,猴头菌中的二萜类化合物受到了广泛的关注(Shen et al. 2009)。目前,已经从猴头菌中分离得到25个鸟巢烷型二萜类化合物 (59-83)(图8),并发现了该类化合物的促进神经生长因子合成活性(Kawagishi et al. 1994;Kawagishi et al. 1996;Kawagishi et al. 1996;Lee et al. 2000),抗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌活性 (63,65,67,75,76)(Kawagishi et al. 2006),κ阿片受体激动剂活性 (67,70,71)(Saito et al. 1998),并完成了其中重要化合物的全合成(Wright et al. 1999;Ward et al. 2004)及生源合成途径的推测(Kenmoku et al. 2002)。

2 讨论与展望

目前,猴头菌属真菌活性次级代谢产物的研究已经比较深入,从猴头菌属真菌子实体、菌丝体中发现多类化学成分,包括吡喃酮类化合物、甾体化合物、脂肪酸、萜类化合物、酚类化合物、生物碱类化合物,这些成分显示了抗肿瘤、保肝护胃、降血糖、保护神经、抗癌、抗衰老、抗氧化等多种生物学功能。猴头菌产品在保健食品和药品方面都有了一定的进展,其中猴头菌制剂在临床上已被广泛用于治疗胃肠道消化系统疾病。在治疗神经系统疾病、高血脂、糖尿病等方面也都显示出了较好的疗效(张鹏等 2011)。

对于猴头菌属真菌活性次级代谢产物的研究还存在一些问题,猴头菌中部分二萜类化合物、色原酮类化合物的绝对构型并未确定,这限制了活性化合物构效关系研究及后续开发;对于具有促进神经生长因子合成活性的二萜类化合物只在菌丝体中发现、猴头菌子实体中是否含有该类化合物仍不明确,值得深入研究;对于猴头菌属真菌活性次级代谢产物的研究基本只局限于猴头菌H. erinaeus一个种上,对于该属其他真菌的成分研究还有待进一步丰富,这对于猴头菌真菌资源的开发和利用都具有较高价值。

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.


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