北方农牧交错带草木犀属外来植物沿公路分布和扩展的影响因素探讨

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.04.007

草地学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 722-727.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.04.007

北方农牧交错带草木犀属外来植物沿公路分布和扩展的影响因素探讨

陈超^1,2, 黄顶^1,3, 王堃^1,3, 张卫华⁴, 孙增慧⁴, 陈龙¹

1. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 北京 100193;
2. 北京草业与环境研究发展中心, 北京 100097;
3. 河北沽源草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 河北沽源 076550;
4. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2013-03-30 修回日期:2013-07-03 出版日期:2014-08-15 发布日期:2014-08-04
通讯作者: 王堃
作者简介:陈超（1985-），男，江苏沭阳人，助理研究员，博士，研究方向为草地生态、园林植物，E-mail：xiaoyingwulu@163.com
基金资助:
公益性行业（农业）科研专项（201003019）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2012QJ099）资助

Distribution and Dispersal of Alien Sweet Clover along Roadside in An Agro-pastoral Ecotone of Northern China

CHEN Chao^1,2, HUANG Ding^1,3, WANG Kun^1,3, ZHANG Wei-hua⁴, SUN Zeng-hui⁴, CHEN Long¹

1. Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2. Beijing Research & Development Center for Grass and Environment, Beijing 100097, China;
3. National Grassland Ecosystem Field Station, Guyuan, Hebei Province 076550, China;
4. College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2013-03-30 Revised:2013-07-03 Online:2014-08-15 Published:2014-08-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

公路的建设给原有的生态系统带来人为干扰和影响，公路建筑材料的运输给外来植物的引入带来风险，公路修建以及环境因子则影响外来物种的建植和扩繁。选择北方农牧交错带典型的柏油公路，对草木犀属（Melilotus）外来植物沿公路的入侵状况进行样带调查，以探讨外来植物沿公路分布和扩散的影响因素。结果表明：公路两侧的土地利用方式是影响草木犀属植物分布的主要因素，路旁有农田的地段中，草木犀属植物的分布密度要显著大于有草地的地段（P<0.05）。距离则是影响草木犀属植物分布密度的重要因素，随着从路基到路旁生境距离的增加，草木犀属的分布密度呈显著下降趋势（P<0.05）。此外，公路的走向也影响草木犀属植物的分布，草木犀属在下风向的分布密度显著大于上风向的分布密度（P<0.05）；公路两旁高大树木的遮阴同样影响草木犀属植物沿公路的分布，遮阴环境影响草木犀属一年生植物的密度（P<0.05），但对于二年生植株没有显著影响。

关键词: 北方农牧交错带, 分布扩散, 外来植物, 土地利用方式

Abstract:

The construction of road introduces anthropogenic disturbance to the original ecological system. Transportation of construction material increases the risk of exotic plant invasion. The road changes the structure of original land and creates new habitat for the establishment and propagation of exotic plant. The distribution and dispersal of exotic sweet clover along roadsides were investigated in an agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China. Results showed that the utilization pattern of land adjacent to the road was a primary impact factor of the distribution and dispersal of sweet clover. The density of sweet clover near cropland was significantly greater than that near grassland. Distance was another impact factor of the distribution and dispersal of sweet clover. The density of sweet clover decreased significantly with the increase of distance from subgrade to roadside. Direction of road also affected the distribution and dispersal of sweet clover. There was a greater density in the downwind area than in the upwind area. Meanwhile, the shaded condition of road affected the establishment and development of sweet lover as well. Data showed that the density of annual sweet clover was influenced greatly under different shade conditions, whereas the density of biennial sweet clover was not affected. This survey study provides basic information for the further prevention and control of sweet clovers or other exotic species along roads in an agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China.

Key words: Agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, Distribution and dispersal, Exotic plants, Land use pattern

中图分类号:

Q948

陈超, 黄顶, 王堃, 张卫华, 孙增慧, 陈龙. 北方农牧交错带草木犀属外来植物沿公路分布和扩展的影响因素探讨[J]. 草地学报, 2014, 22(4): 722-727.

CHEN Chao, HUANG Ding, WANG Kun, ZHANG Wei-hua, SUN Zeng-hui, CHEN Long. Distribution and Dispersal of Alien Sweet Clover along Roadside in An Agro-pastoral Ecotone of Northern China[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22(4): 722-727.

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北方农牧交错带草木犀属外来植物沿公路分布和扩展的影响因素探讨

Distribution and Dispersal of Alien Sweet Clover along Roadside in An Agro-pastoral Ecotone of Northern China

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