草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 413-420.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.02.020

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

紫云英荚果成熟度对落荚及种子产量的影响

刘春增1, 李本银1, 张梦1, 吕玉虎2, 潘滋亮2, 郭晓彦2, 曹卫东3   

  1. 1. 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所, 河南 郑州 450002;
    2. 信阳市农业科学院, 河南 信阳 464000;
    3. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-02 修回日期:2019-03-09 出版日期:2019-04-15 发布日期:2019-05-30
  • 通讯作者: 张梦, 曹卫东
  • 作者简介:刘春增(1967-),男,河南平顶山人,研究员,主要从事绿肥利用和种子生产研究。E-mail:liucz321@aliyun.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家绿肥产业技术体系（CARS-22）；河南省农业科学院自主创新基金项目资助

Influence of Pod Maturing States on Pod Drop and Seed Yield of Chinese Milk Vetch

LIU Chun-zeng1, LI Ben-yin1, ZHANG Meng1, LV Yu-hu2, PAN Zi-liang2, GUO Xiao-yan2, CAO Wei-dong3   

  1. 1. Institute of Plant Nutrition, Agricultural Resource and Environmental Science, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450002, China;
    2. Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinyang, Henan Province 464000, China;
    3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2018-11-02 Revised:2019-03-09 Online:2019-04-15 Published:2019-05-30

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摘要： 在紫云英（Astragalus sinicus L）结荚成熟期分期收获，测定不同时期荚果数量及自然落荚、扰动落荚、留枝荚果成熟度和籽粒产量，分析各因素对紫云英种子产量和质量的影响，为紫云英种子最佳收获期的确定提供依据。结果表明，紫云英荚果数量随生育期延长逐渐增加，总荚果数和留枝荚果数于盛花期后26 d达最大值；自然落荚量随成熟度的升高显著增加，61.1%~88.8%荚果成熟时，自然落荚占总荚果数3.3%~24.1%，最高落荚损失占总产量的20.9%，自然落荚的荚果成熟度及千粒重显著高于留枝荚果和扰动落荚。在0~90%的成熟度区间内，单位成熟度对籽粒产量的影响为3.4至-1.1 g·m-2，随成熟度升高，籽粒产量增长率降低。在群落荚果68.7%成熟时，种子产量最高达1 250 kg ·hm-2，花序消失可作为紫云英种子最佳收获期的表观群体信号。

关键词: 紫云英, 荚果, 成熟度, 落荚, 种子产量

Abstract: In the mature period of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) (Astragalus sinicus L),the number of pods, maturing statues and seed yields of the pods which were natural-dropped,disturbed pods,harvesting-dropped and on plant were measured to analyze the effects of factors on CMV seed yield,provides a basis for the determination of the optimal harvest time. The results showed that the number of total pods and the pods on plant increased with the growth period, reaching the maximum at 26 days after the full-bloom stage. The quantity of natural-dropped pods increased significantly with the increase of maturity 61.1%~88.8%, and the pod loss from nature-drop could reaches 3.3%~24.1% of the total,and the highest pod loss accounts for 20.9% of seed yield. The pod maturity and 1000-seed weight of nature-dropped pods were significantly higher than that of pods on plants and harvesting-dropped. Changes in seed yield along increases in the mature rate were between 3.4 and -1.1 g·m-2 within 0~90% mature rate range. The increase of seed yields per mature rate unit was lower while mature rate was higher. The highest seed yield (1 250 kg·hm-2) could be obtained when 68.7% pods of CMV community reaching full-maturity and the inflorescence just vanished.

Key words: Astragalus sinicus L., Pods, Maturing status, Pod drop, Seed yield

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