草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 949-955.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.04.020

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

三江源区“黑土滩”次生植被形成的三阶段物种生态位与毒杂草繁殖特征

徐松鹤1, 尚占环2,3   

  1. 1. 集宁师范学院生命科学学院, 内蒙古 乌兰察布 012000;
    2. 兰州大学生命科学学院, 草地农业生态系统国家重点 实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    3. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-10 修回日期:2019-07-25 出版日期:2019-08-15 发布日期:2019-09-26
  • 通讯作者: 尚占环
  • 作者简介:徐松鹤(1981-),男,副教授,主要从事草地生态学研究,E-mail:xusonghe163@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（2019QZKK0302），国家自然科学基金（41671508；31870433）；青海三江源生态保护和建设二期工程科研和推广（2017-S-1-06）；青海省重点研发与转化技术项目（2017-NK-149-2）；青海省创新平台建设专项（2017-ZJ-Y20）资助

The Three-stage Species Niche and Reproductive Characteristics of Poisonous Weeds in the three-stages of the Secondary Vegetation's Formation of ‘bare land’ degraded grassland in the Three Rivers Source region, Qinghai-Tibetan plateau

XU Song-he1, SHANG Zhang-huan2,3   

  1. 1. School of life sciences, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab, Inner mongolia 012000, China;
    2. The School of life sciences, Sate key laboratory of grassland ago-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China;
    3. Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Science;Key Laboratory of Restoration ecology of cold area in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810008, China
  • Received:2019-04-10 Revised:2019-07-25 Online:2019-08-15 Published:2019-09-26

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摘要： 为了改善和治理青藏高原三江源区"黑土滩"，本文利用生态位理论，以青藏高原三江源区"黑土滩"毒杂草次生植被形成三阶段群落特征为基础，分析了群落结构变化及毒杂草植被形成机理，提出了"剩余空间"概念。结果表明：随着"黑土滩"三阶段的演替，可食性牧草重要值降低。株型较小、对资源需求少的莎草科和禾本科物种与株型较大、对资源需求多的大型毒杂草相比，存活株数相对较多，生态位相对较宽。随着草地秃斑面积扩增，相似生活型的宽生态位物种会高度重叠，留出"剩余空间"。具有无性繁殖特征的多年生毒杂草会充分利用"剩余空间"，加剧土壤养分分布的不均匀性，增大土壤的空间异质性，从而形成"水热空洞效应"。本文提出了草地恢复可利用毒杂草作为先锋植物占据"剩余空间"，再通过人工干预，逐步改良"黑土滩"的治理思路。

关键词: “黑土滩”, 群落特征, 生态位, 毒杂草, 无性繁殖

Abstract: To improve and restore ‘bare land’ grassland in the Three Rivers Source region,Qinghai-Tibetan plateau,based on the niche theory,this paper analyzed the changes of community structure and the formation mechanism of poisonous weed vegetation based on the three-stage community characteristics of the secondary vegetation formation of ‘bare land’ degraded alpine grassland,and put forward the concept of "remaining space". The results were as follows:With the succession of the three stages of ‘bare land’ degraded grassland,the important value of edible pasture reduced. Compared with the large poisonous weeds of large demand for resources,the sedge family and the grass species with small plant type had relatively large number of surviving plants and wider niches. As the area of grassy bald areas expanded,the broad niche species of similar life types overlaped highly,and "remaining space" left. Perennial poisonous weeds with asexual reproduction characteristics made full use of the "remaining space",which increased the heterogeneity of soil nutrient distribution and the spatial heterogeneity of the soil,thus formed a "water and heat cavity effect". This paper put forward an idea to use poisonous weeds as pioneer plants to occupy the "remaining space",and then gradually improve and restore ‘bare land’ degraded grassland through manual intervention.

Key words: Bare landdegraded grassland, Community Characteristics, Niche, Poisonous Weeds, Asexual Reproduction

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