草地学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 503-512.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.03.001

• 生态与草原修复 •    

黄河源流域单元退化高寒草甸空间分布及其对土壤理化性质的响应

张宇鹏1, 吴笑天2, 李希来1, 徐文印1, 董心普1, 王苑3, 张辉2   

  1. 1. 青海大学农牧学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海省自然资源综合调查监测院, 青海 西宁 810001;
    3. 青海省地理空间和自然资源大数据中心, 青海 西宁 810001
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-09 修回日期:2021-11-24 发布日期:2022-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 李希来,E-mail:xilai-li@163.com
  • 作者简介:张宇鹏(1989-),男,山西忻州人,博士研究生,讲师,主要从事高原生态修复与环境模拟研究,E-mail:zhangyp73@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科学技术厅项目(2020-ZJ-904);国家自然科学基金项目(31872999);“三江源国家公园”联合研究专项项目(LHZX-2020-08);高等学校学科创新引智计划(D18013)资助

Responses and Distributions of Degraded Alpine Meadow on the Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in River Basin Units in the Source Region of Yellow River

ZHANG Yu-peng1, WU Xiao-tian2, LI Xi-lai1, XU Wen-yin1, DONG Xin-pu1, WANG Yuan3, ZHANG Hui2   

  1. 1. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. Institute of Natural Resources Comprehensive Survey and Monitoring of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    3. Big Data Center of Geographic Space and Natural Resources of Qinghai, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China
  • Received:2021-08-09 Revised:2021-11-24 Published:2022-03-30

摘要: 为探究黄河源流域单元高寒草甸退化关键驱动因子,本研究通过地理信息技术和原位土壤采样分析土壤理化性质对退化高寒草甸分布的影响。结果表明:黄河源退化高寒草甸合计14 239.47km2,主要分布于流域单元中0~7°“滩地-阶地”区域;流域单元坡面土层厚度由坡顶到坡麓逐渐增厚,阶地区域土壤平均厚度151.67cm,显著高于其它区域;同一区域中土壤水分与养分含量由土壤表层到底层逐步降低,土壤pH值则逐步增大;除土壤水分与硝态氮,土壤养分在“滩地-阶地”区域含量均最高;在过度放牧与啮齿动物活动背景下,流域单元中土壤水分含量是影响退化高寒草甸分布的重要因素。

关键词: 流域单元, 土壤性质, 高寒草甸, 空间差异

Abstract: Through geographic information and in-situ soil sampling technology,this research explored the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the distribution of degraded alpine meadows,so as to find the key driving factors of grassland degradation based on the river basin units in the source region of Yellow River. The results showed that the area of degraded alpine meadows was 14 239.47 km2,of which 57.86% was mainly distributed in the 0~7° “beach-terrace” region in the river basin units. The soil thickness on the slope surface of the river basin unit gradually decreased from the top to the foot of the slope. The average soil thickness in the terrace area was 151.67 cm,which was significantly higher than in other regions. Gradually,the content of soil moisture and nutrients decreased from the soil surface to the bottom layer in the same region,and the soil pH increased. Except for soil moisture and nitrate nitrogen,the content of soil nutrients was the highest in the “beach-terrace” region. Soil moisture was the most important factor in the distribution of the degraded alpine meadows in river basin units based on the background of overgrazing and rodent activities.

Key words: River basin unit, Soil properties, Alpine meadows, Spatial variation

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