草地学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 860-867.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2023.03.028

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮素配施对三江源区退化高寒草甸植被和土壤的影响

常涛1,6, 张骞1,6, 秦瑞敏1,6, 苏洪烨1,6, 魏晶晶1,2, 程洪杰5, 赵天悦4, 邵新庆3, 周华坤1   

  1. 1. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所, 青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810008;
    2. 青海师范大学, 青海 西宁 810008;
    3. 中国农业大学, 北京 100010;
    4. 青海省治沙试验站, 青海 西宁 810001;
    5. 吉林省白城市通榆县动物检疫站, 吉林 白城 1372004;
    6. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100039
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-20 修回日期:2022-09-08 出版日期:2023-03-15 发布日期:2023-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 周华坤,E-mail:hkzhou@nwipb.cas.cn
  • 作者简介:常涛(1996-),男,汉族,甘肃环县人,硕士研究生,主要从事恢复生态学研究,E-mail:2693811208@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省创新平台建设专项(2022-ZJ-Y02);2020年第二批林业草原生态保护恢复资金项目(QHTX-2021-009);第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK0302);中国科学院-青海省人民政府2020年三江源国家公园联合研究专项(LHZX-2020-08)资助

Effects of Nitrogen Combined Application on the Vegetation and Soil of Degraded Alpine Meadow in the Three-River Headwaters Region

CHANG Tao1,6, ZHANG Qian1,6, QIN Rui-min1,6, SU Hong-ye1,6, WEI Jing-jing1,2, CHENG Hong-jie5, ZHAO Tian-yue4, SHAO Xin-qing3, ZHOU Hua-kun1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Cold Regions Restoration Ecology, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    2. Qinghai Normal University, Xining Qinghai Province 810008, China;
    3. China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
    4. Qinghai Experimental Station for Sand Control, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    5. Animal Quarantine Station of Tongyu County, Baicheng, Jilin Province 1372004, China;
    6. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
  • Received:2022-07-20 Revised:2022-09-08 Online:2023-03-15 Published:2023-04-01

摘要: 三江源区草地退化严重威胁我国的生态安全,因此,研究恢复措施对草地的影响有重要意义。本研究以青海省果洛藏族自治州轻度退化高寒草甸为研究样地,通过三种不同类型氮素(尿素CH4N2O、硫酸铵(NH42SO4和硝酸钾KNO3)的九种组合配施,分析氮素配施后退化高寒草甸群落特征和土壤养分的变化,以探究不同类型氮素配施对退化高寒草甸恢复效果。研究结果表明,与对照相比,氮素配施显著提高了群落初级生产力(P<0.05),且生物量随着氮素配施量呈先增加后降低趋势,但对植物群落多样性无显著影响;土壤中速效氮和硝态氮呈现降低趋势(P<0.05),但有机碳、全氮、全磷和铵态氮含量无显著变化;利用主成分分析,通过综合评价植被指标和土壤指标,筛选出恢复该区域退化高寒草甸的最佳氮素配施量为47.2 g·m-2硫酸铵+72.2 g·m-2硝酸钾+21.6 g·m-2尿素,为退化高寒草甸的恢复提供理论依据。

关键词: 高寒草甸, 氮素配施, 土壤养分, 生物量, 恢复效果

Abstract: The degradation of grassland in Three-River Headwaters Region is a serious threat to our ecological security, so it is of great significance to study the effects of grassland restoration measures on grassland. In this study, a slightly degraded alpine meadow in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province was selected as the research sample. To explore the effect of different nitrogen combined application on the restoration of degraded alpine meadow, we analyzed the community characteristics and soil nutrient changes of degraded alpine meadow after the applications of nine nitrogen combinations from three different types of nitrogen (urea CH4N2O, ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 and potassium nitrate KNO3). The results showed that compared with the control, nitrogen combined application significantly increased community primary productivity (P<0.05), but had no significant effect on plant community diversity. The available nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the meadow soil showed a decreasing trend (P<0.05), but the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and ammonium nitrogen had no significant changes. Based on the principal component analysis, the optimal combining rate of nitrogen application rate for the restoration of alpine meadows was selected as 47.2 g·m-2 ammonium sulfate + 72.2 g·m-2 potassium nitrate + 21.6 g·m-2 urea, which provided a theoretical basis for of the nitrogen application for the restoration of degraded alpine meadow.

Key words: Alpine meadow, Nitrogen combined application, Soil nutrients, Biomass, Restoration effect

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