不同磷酸二铵施量对紫花苜蓿越冬、生产性能和营养品质的影响

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2023.06.035

草地学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1902-1910.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2023.06.035

• 技术研发 • 上一篇

不同磷酸二铵施量对紫花苜蓿越冬、生产性能和营养品质的影响

王运涛^1,2, 孙震³, 王旗旗¹, 解继红¹, 于林清⁴, 薛春风⁴, 刘生豪⁴, 钟罡⁵, 弓艳春⁵, 申捷⁶

1. 中国农业科学院草原研究所, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010010;
2. 张家口学院旅游与环境学院, 河北张家口 075000;
3. 青岛农业大学草业学院, 山东青岛 266109;
4. 内蒙古大学生命科学学院, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010010;
5. 内蒙古农牧业技术推广中心, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010010;
6. 内蒙古动物疫病预防控制中心, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

收稿日期:2022-07-20 修回日期:2023-03-20 出版日期:2023-06-15 发布日期:2023-06-30
通讯作者: 解继红,E-mail:xiejihong223@163.com;于林清,E-mail:linqing_yu@126.com
作者简介:王运涛(1985-)，男，汉族，河北保定人，博士，讲师，主要从事牧草育种和高产栽培技术研究，E-mail：wytao88@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG260)；内蒙古自治区科技成果转化项目(2019CG041)；内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0176)；呼和浩特市科技计划重大科技专项(2021-重-社-2)；科技创新2030-重大项目(2022ZD0401202)；内蒙古自治区重大专项(2021ZD0031)资助

Different Amounts of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ on Winter Survival,Yield and Nutritive Value of Alfalfa

WANG Yun-tao^1,2, SUN Zhen³, WANG Qi-qi¹, XIE Ji-hong¹, YU Lin-qing⁴, XUE Chun-feng⁴, LIU Sheng-hao⁴, ZHONG Gang⁵, GONG Yan-chun⁵, SHEN Jie⁶

1. Grassland Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China;
2. College of Tourism and Environment, Zhangjiakou University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province 075000, China;
3. College of Grassland, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266109, China;
4. School of life science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China;
5. Inner Mongolia Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Technology Popularization Centre, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China;
6. Inner Mongolia Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China

Received:2022-07-20 Revised:2023-03-20 Online:2023-06-15 Published:2023-06-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)是一种优良的豆科牧草，在我国北方生产过程中存在越冬困难、产草量低和品质不佳等问题，造成巨大的经济损失。本研究以内蒙古自治区四子王旗和武川县种植的'中草3号’紫花苜蓿为研究对象，通过在初秋进行不同梯度(0，45，90，135和180 kg·hm^-2)的磷酸二铵处理，探讨不同肥料用量对紫花苜蓿的越冬率、产量和品质的影响。结果表明：苜蓿越冬率和产草量在磷酸二铵施量为90 kg·hm^-2较高，而饲草品质在施量为135 kg·hm^-2较好；增加株丛密度和提高单枝重可实现产草量的提高；而饲草品质的改善主要表现为CP和EE的增加，ADF和NDF的降低；四子王旗和武川县种植紫花苜蓿获得高产时磷酸二铵的适宜施量分别为96.8 kg·hm^-2和86.5 kg·hm^-2。适宜的肥料用量可提高苜蓿产草量，并改善饲草品质，但超过一定限度则会降低产量和品质。因此，在具体应用过程中，应因地制宜，根据气候和土壤条件进而确定肥料的适宜用量。

关键词: 苜蓿, 磷酸二铵, 越冬, 产量, 品质

Abstract: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important legume forage,and there are difficulties in overwintering,low forage yield and poor nutritive value in production,resulting in huge economic losses. A fertilization field study was conducted in Siziwang County and Wuchuan County in the semi-arid region of central and western Inner Mongolia plateau,to determine the response of winter survival,yield,and nutritive value of alfalfa to different gradients of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer (0,45,90,135 and 180 kg·hm^-2 P₂O₅) applied in early autumn. The results show that the winter survival rate and forage yield of alfalfa were greater at the fertilization rate of 90 kg·hm^-2,while the forage quality was better at the fertilization rate of 135 kg·hm^-2;the increase of forage yield was mainly by increasing the plant population density and shoot mass;the improvement of the forage quality was mainly by increasing the CP and EE,reducing the NDF and ADF;as farmers pursue high yields,96.8 kg·hm^-2 (NH₄)₂HPO₄ appeared sufficient to maximize yield in Siziwang County and 86.5 kg·hm^-2 in Wuchuan County. It could be concluded that the appropriate amount of fertilizer can increase the forage yield of alfalfa and improve the forage quality,but if it exceeds a certain limit,it would reduce the yield and quality. Therefore,the appropriate amount of fertilizer should be determined according to the local climate and soil conditions.

Key words: Medicago sativa L., (NH₄)₂HPO₄, Winter survival, Yield, Nutritive value

中图分类号:

S963.22+3.3

王运涛, 孙震, 王旗旗, 解继红, 于林清, 薛春风, 刘生豪, 钟罡, 弓艳春, 申捷. 不同磷酸二铵施量对紫花苜蓿越冬、生产性能和营养品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2023, 31(6): 1902-1910.

WANG Yun-tao, SUN Zhen, WANG Qi-qi, XIE Ji-hong, YU Lin-qing, XUE Chun-feng, LIU Sheng-hao, ZHONG Gang, GONG Yan-chun, SHEN Jie. Different Amounts of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ on Winter Survival,Yield and Nutritive Value of Alfalfa[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(6): 1902-1910.

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不同磷酸二铵施量对紫花苜蓿越冬、生产性能和营养品质的影响

Different Amounts of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ on Winter Survival,Yield and Nutritive Value of Alfalfa

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不同磷酸二铵施量对紫花苜蓿越冬、生产性能和营养品质的影响

Different Amounts of (NH4)2HPO4 on Winter Survival,Yield and Nutritive Value of Alfalfa

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Different Amounts of (NH₄)₂HPO₄ on Winter Survival,Yield and Nutritive Value of Alfalfa