关键词: 光伏电站, Meta分析, 小气候, 植被, 土壤

Abstract: Solar parks or farms （SP） are rapidly expanding globally， yet their comprehensive ecological impacts remain insufficiently quantified across diverse environmental contexts. Here， we conducted a meta-analysis of 50 global studies published between 2000 and 2025 to systematically evaluate the effects of SP installations on microclimate， vegetation， and soil characteristics. The analysis encompassed 15 ecological indicators across different climate zones， ecosystem types， aridity gradients， and geographic regions. Overall， SP installations significantly reduced regional air temperature （-5.2%） and photosynthetically active radiation （-63.3%）， while increasing air humidity by 7.1%. Vegetation responses were mixed： Shannon diversity declined by 6.38%， whereas species richness， vegetation cover， and aboveground biomass increased by 7.52%， 35.7%， and 28.4%， respectively. In soils， SP installations led to substantial increases in moisture content （49.0%）， available nitrogen （66.07%）， and available phosphorus （113.09%）， along with a significant reduction in soil temperature （-17.3%）. However， changes in soil organic carbon， total nitrogen， total phosphorus， and pH were not statistically significant. Ecological responses varied considerably across environmental gradients. Arid and semi-arid regions， as well as grassland and desert ecosystems， exhibited greater sensitivity to SP-induced changes compared to more humid regions or other ecosystem types. Random forest modeling identified ecosystem type as the dominant factor influencing the ecological effects of SP. This study highlights the regulatory role of SP on ecological environments at the global scale and provides scientific evidence for the coordinated development of SP sites and ecological conservation.

Key words: Solar park, Meta-analysis, Microclimate, Plant, Soil