草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 723-733.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.034

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    

木里矿区4种生态草种适宜播种量筛选

吕亮雨1,2,3, 付守全2,3, 刘青青1,2, 赫苗花1, 蔡宗程1,2, 施建军1,2,3   

  1. 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016;
    3. 青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-07 修回日期:2025-03-27 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 施建军,E-mail:378605242@qq.com
  • 作者简介:#吕亮雨(1997-),男,汉族,山东烟台人,博士研究生,主要从事牧草经营管理研究,E-mail:1670240560@qq.com;#付守全(2002-),男,汉族,河南信阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事牧草经营管理研究,E-mail:1521722043@qq.com;
  • 基金资助:
    高寒矿区生态修复关键技术与集成资助项目(2021YFC3201605);青海省科技特派员专项(2025-NK-P25)资助

Screening of Suitable Sowing Amount of Four Ecological Grass Species in Muli Mining Area

Lü Liang-yu1,2,3, FU Shou-quan2,3, LIU Qing-qing1,2, HE Miao-hua1, CAI Zong-cheng1,2, SHI Jian-jun1,2,3   

  1. 1. Academy of Animal science and Veterinary, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    3. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2025-03-07 Revised:2025-03-27 Published:2026-01-22

摘要: 本研究以筛选适宜草种、确定低播量并实现高盖度为目标,选取青海草地早熟禾(Poa pretensis‘Qinghai’)、发草(Deschampsia cespitosa)、洽草(Koeleria macrantha)和麦宾草(Elymus tangutorum)4种生态草种为试验材料,开展适宜播量筛选试验。分析3种播量下植物表型性状、生物量和土壤养分变化特征。结果表明:播量为9 g·m-2时,青海草地早熟禾、发草和洽草地上生物量最高,分别为296.45 g·m-2,224.32 g·m-2和236.35 g·m-2;麦宾草播量为18 g·m-2时,地上生物量为356.24 g·m-2,显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。青海草地早熟禾、发草和洽草的播种量达到9 g·m-2时,土壤中的有机质、全氮和全磷等养分指标表现良好;而麦宾草播量为18 g·m-2,显示出较好的土壤养分状况。对植物和土壤的13个指标进行主成分分析,发现前5个主成分累计贡献率达到89.615%,隶属函数综合评价发现青海草地早熟禾、发草和洽草播量为9 g·m-2时,综合评价值最高,分别为0.420,0.486和0.698;麦宾草播量为18 g·m-2时,综合评价值最高,为0.634。综上所述,9 g·m-2是木里矿区建植青海草地早熟禾、发草和洽草人工草地的最佳播量,18 g·m-2是木里矿区建植麦宾草人工草地的最佳播量。

关键词: 生态草种, 播量, 生物量, 土壤理化性质, 木里矿区, 生态修复

Abstract: This study aims to screen the suitable grass species with low sowing rate and high coverage. Four ecological grass species, Poa pretensis ‘Qinghai’, Deschampsia cespitosaKoeleria macrantha and Elymus tangutorum, were selected as experimental materials to carry out the screening experiment of suitable sowing rate. The characteristics of plant phenotypic traits, biomass and soil nutrients under three sowing rates were analyzed. The results showed that when the sowing rate was 9 g·m-2, the aboveground biomass of Poa pretensis ‘Qinghai’, Deschampsia cespitosa and Koeleria macrantha were the highest, which were 296.45 g·m-2,224.32 g·m-2 and 236.35 g·m-2 respectively. The aboveground biomass of Elymus tangutorum was 356.24 g·m-2 when the seeding rate was 18 g·m-2, which was significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05). When the sowing amount of Poa pretensis ‘Qinghai’, Deschampsia cespitosa and Koeleria macrantha reached 9 g·m-2, the soil nutrient indexes such as organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus performed well. The seeding rate of Elymus tangutorum was 18 g·m-2, which showed a good soil nutrient status. Principal component analysis of 13 indexes of plants and soil showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components reached 89.615%. The comprehensive evaluation of membership function showed that the comprehensive evaluation values of Poa pretensis‘Qinghai’, Deschampsia cespitosa and Koeleria macrantha were the highest when the sowing amount was 9 g·m-2, which were 0.420, 0.486 and 0.698 respectively. When the seeding rate of Elymus tangutorum was 18 g·m-2, the comprehensive evaluation value was the highest, which was 0.634. To sum up, 9 g·m-2 is the most suitabel sowing amount for planting Poa pretensis‘Qinghai’, Deschampsia cespitosa and Koeleria macrantha in Muli mining area, and 18 g·m-2 is Elymus tangutorum in Muli mining area.

Key words: Ecological grass species, Sowing quantity, Biomass, Physical and chemical properties of soil, Muli mining area, Eco-restoration