草地学报

›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 166-174.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.01.026

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

6种化感物质对鬼针草种子萌发及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响

赵锐明1,2, 郭凤霞1,2, 赵庆芳3, 回嵘4, 吴清韩5, 马瑞君5   

  1. 1. 甘肃农业大学甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室 植物生产类实验教学中心, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    2. 甘肃农业 大学生命科学技术学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    3. 西北师范大学生命科学学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070;
    4. 中国科学院寒区旱区 环境与工程研究所沙坡头沙漠试验研究站, 甘肃 兰州730000;
    5. 韩山师范学院生物系, 广东 潮州 521041
  • 收稿日期:2013-03-12 修回日期:2013-08-22 出版日期:2014-02-15 发布日期:2014-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 马瑞君，E-mail：1277703092@qq.com
  • 作者简介:赵锐明（1984-），男，云南鹤庆人，博士研究生，主要从事药用植物生理生态方面的研究，E-mail：zhaorm1001@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省自然科学基金项目（2007009850）资助

Effects of Six Allelochemicals on the Seed Germination and Root Tip Cell Mitotic of Bidens pilosa L.

ZHAO Rui-ming1,2, GUO Feng-xia1,2, ZHAO Qing-fang3, HUI Rong4, WU Qing-han5, MA Rui-jun5   

  1. 1. Gansu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic & Germplasm Enhancement, Demonstration Center of Experiments and Teaching for Plant Productions, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
    2. College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
    3. College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730070, China;
    4. Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China;
    5. Department of Biology, Hanshan Normol University, Chaozhou, Guangdong Province 521041, China
  • Received:2013-03-12 Revised:2013-08-22 Online:2014-02-15 Published:2014-01-28

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摘要： 研究不同浓度阿魏酸、香草酸、槲皮黄素、木樨草素、茶碱和可可碱对鬼针草（Bidens pilosa L.）种子萌发、幼苗生长及根尖细胞有丝分裂的影响，以期筛选出安全有效的植物源除草剂。结果表明：除阿魏酸之外，其余5种化感物质对鬼针草种子萌发的抑制作用随浓度增大而增强。在1 mmol·L-1处理下，6种化感物质对鬼针草种子萌发的抑制作用最强，化感综合效应指数分别为-0.929，-0.912，-0.889，-0.995，-0.959和-0.995；除木樨草素和可可碱外，其余4种化感物质在低浓度时促进幼苗生长，高浓度时抑制幼苗生长。在1 mmol·L-1处理下，6种化感物质对鬼针草幼苗生长的抑制作用最强；除木樨草素和可可碱外，其余4种化感物质在低浓度下有丝分裂指数增大，随着浓度增大有丝分裂指数降低，同时分裂中期细胞增多，后-末期细胞减少。这表明，较高浓度的香草酸、槲皮黄素和茶碱对鬼针草种子萌发、幼苗生长和根尖细胞有丝分裂有较强的抑制作用，是筛选植物源除草剂的重要资源。

关键词: 化感物质, 鬼针草, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 有丝分裂

Abstract: Effects of ferulic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, luteolin, theophylline, and theobromine on the seed germination, seedling growth and root tip cell mitosis of Bidens pilosa were investigated. Results indicated that the seed germination of B. pilosa was inhibited by vanillic acid, quercetin, luteolin, theophylline, and theobromine. All tested allelochemicals at the concentration of 1 mmol·L-1 had the strongest inhibitory effects on the seed germination of B. spilosa and the indices of synthesis effects were -0.929, -0.912, -0.889, -0.995, -0.99 and -0.995. The root length and shoot height of B. pilosa were promoted under the low concentrations of tested allelochemicals, while the root length and shoot height were inhibited under the high concentrations of tested allelochemicals except for luteolin and theobromine. The inhibitory effects of tested allelochemicals on the seedling growth of B. pilosa were the strongest at the concentration of 1 mmol·L-1. Ferulic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, and theophylline at low concentrations increased mitotic index and promoted root length. The mitotic index of B. pilosa decreased with the increase of allelochemical concentration, whereas anaphase-telophase cell ratios decreased. It was concluded that vanillic acid, quercetin and theophylline at high concentrations had stronger allelopathic effects on the seed germination, early seedling growth and root tip cell mitotic of Bidens pilosa. Therefore, the tested allelochemicals are important resources for the development of botanical herbicide.

Key words: Allelochemical, Bidens pilosa L., Seed germination, Seedling growth, Mitosis

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