15N库稀释法和15N示踪法在草地生态系统氮转化过程研究中的应用——方法与进展

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.06.002

草地学报 ›› 2014, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (6): 1153-1162.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2014.06.002

¹⁵N库稀释法和¹⁵N示踪法在草地生态系统氮转化过程研究中的应用——方法与进展

刘碧荣^1,2, 王常慧¹, 黄建辉¹, 何念鹏³, 王其兵¹, 董宽虎²

1. 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093;
2. 山西农业大学动物科技学院, 山西太谷 030801;
3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络综合研究中心, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2014-02-13 修回日期:2014-04-03 出版日期:2014-12-15 发布日期:2014-12-01
通讯作者: 王常慧, 董宽虎
作者简介:刘碧荣(1988-),女,山西运城人,硕士研究生,主要从事牧草抗逆性研究,E-mail: liubirong1988@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31170455)(41073056);中国科学院植被与环境变化国家重点实验室重点方向性项目资助

Applications of ¹⁵N Pool Dilution and ¹⁵N Tracer Techniques in the Quantifying N Transformations of Grasslands: Methodology and Advances

LIU Bi-rong^1,2, WANG Chang-hui¹, HUANG Jian-hui¹, HE Nian-peng³, WANG Qi-bing¹, DONG Kuan-hu²

1. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
2. College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 030801, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2014-02-13 Revised:2014-04-03 Online:2014-12-15 Published:2014-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮素(N)是陆地生态系统尤其是草地生态系统第一生产力的重要限制性养分之一.陆地生态系统N素的可利用性由土壤N素的转化速率决定,其中包括氨化和硝化2个重要过程.准确测定N素在各转化过程中的量,对于估算陆地生态系统N转化非常重要.稳定性同位素¹⁵N由于其安全、准确且不干扰自然生态系统等特点,近年来在生态系统N循环研究方面得到广泛应用,常用方法包括¹⁵N自然丰度法、¹⁵N还原法、¹⁵N库稀释法和¹⁵N示踪法.在查阅大量文献的基础上,搜集整理了¹⁵N库稀释法和¹⁵N示踪法的详细操作流程并综述了其在草地生态系统应用的最新进展,分别从不同草地管理方式(增施氮肥、放牧、火烧和刈割等)和全球气候变化(增温、增雨、大气氮沉降和CO₂浓度升高等)对草地生态系统N转化过程的影响进行论述.同位素¹⁵N在草地生态系统应用的方法同样适用于森林、农田以及其他陆地生态系统.

关键词: 全球气候变化, 草地, 氮循环, 氮沉降, ¹⁵N库稀释法/示踪法, 土壤微生物

Abstract:

Nitrogen (N) is the growth-limiting nutrient of plants in terrestrial ecosystems, especially in grassland ecosystems. The availability of N is determined by N cycling processes in terrestrial ecosystems. To better understand the N cycles, a key way is to exactly determine the rates of N transformation. To date, ¹⁵N stable isotope technique is highly recommended for quantifying the processes of N transformation. The isotope technique is generally classified into four categories as ¹⁵N natural abundance,¹⁵N reduction, ¹⁵N pool dilution and ¹⁵N tracer techniques. In this paper, the progresses of researches on N transformation using ¹⁵N technique with a focus of ¹⁵N pool dilution and ¹⁵N tracer techniques in grassland ecosystems were summarized. Firstly, two detailed protocols were summarized from published papers for ¹⁵N pool dilution and ¹⁵N tracer techniques, respectively. Secondly, the recent findings of N transformation in response to human activities (fertilization, grazing, fire and mowing) and global change (global warming, increasing precipitation, atmospheric N deposition and increased CO₂ in atmosphere) using the above two N isotope techniques in natural grassland ecosystems were reviewed. The isotope techniques described here were also applicable to other terrestrial ecosystems, such as forest ecosystems and agro-ecosystems.

Key words: Global climate change, Grassland, N cycling, N deposition, ¹⁵N pool dilution technique/tracer technique, Soil microbe

中图分类号:

Q948.1

刘碧荣, 王常慧, 黄建辉, 何念鹏, 王其兵, 董宽虎. ¹⁵N库稀释法和¹⁵N示踪法在草地生态系统氮转化过程研究中的应用——方法与进展[J]. 草地学报, 2014, 22(6): 1153-1162.

LIU Bi-rong, WANG Chang-hui, HUANG Jian-hui, HE Nian-peng, WANG Qi-bing, DONG Kuan-hu. Applications of ¹⁵N Pool Dilution and ¹⁵N Tracer Techniques in the Quantifying N Transformations of Grasslands: Methodology and Advances[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2014, 22(6): 1153-1162.

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¹⁵N库稀释法和¹⁵N示踪法在草地生态系统氮转化过程研究中的应用——方法与进展

Applications of ¹⁵N Pool Dilution and ¹⁵N Tracer Techniques in the Quantifying N Transformations of Grasslands: Methodology and Advances

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