[1] White R P,Murray S,Rohweder M. Pilot analysis of global ecosystems:grassland ecosystems[M]. World Resources Institute,Washington,USA,2000 [2] Li W H,Zheng S X,Bai Y F. Effects of grazing intensity and to pographyon species abundance distribution in a typical steppe of Inner Mongolia[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecolgy,2014,38(2):178-187 [3] Grainger A. Characterization and assessment of desertification processes[M]. London,UK:The Linnean Society of London,Academic Press,1992.18-32 [4] McNaughton S J. Biodiversity and function of grazing ecosystems[M]. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer,1994.361-383 [5] Welch D,Scott D. Studies in the grazing of heather moorland in northeast Scotland.VI. 20-year trends in botanical composition[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,1995,32(3):596-611 [6] Perelman S B,Leon R J C,Bussacca J P. Floristic changes related to grazing intensity in a Patagonian shrub steppe[J]. Ecography,1997,20(4):400-406 [7] Zervas G. Quantifying and optimizing grazing regimes in Greek mountain systems[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,1998,35(6):983-986 [8] Perevolotsky A,Seligman N G. Role of grazing in Mediterranean rangeland ecosystems[J]. Bioscience,1998,48(12):1007-1017 [9] Grace J B. The factors controlling species density in herbaceous plant communities:an assessment[J]. Perspectives in Plant Ecology,Evolution and Systematics,1999,2(1):1-28 [10] Huntly N. Herbivores and the dynamics of communities and ecosystems[J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1991,22:477-503 [11] Belsky A J. Effects of grazing,competition,disturbance and fire on species composition and diversity in grassland communities[J]. Journal of Vegetation Science,1992,3(2):187-200 [12] Crawley M J. Plant-herbivore dynamics[J]. Plant Ecology (Second Edition),1997:401-474 [13] 杨晶晶,吐尔逊娜依·热依木,张青青,等. 放牧强度对伊犁绢蒿荒漠草地植物群落特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学,2018,55(08):1542-1550 [14] 张晶,左小安,杨阳,等. 科尔沁沙地草地植物群落功能性状对封育和放牧的响应[J]. 农业工程学报,2017,33(24):261-268 [15] McNaughton S J,Oesterheld M,Frank D A,et al. Ecosystem-level patterns of primary productivity and herbivory in terrestrial habitats[J]. Nature,1989,341(6238):142-144 [16] 王仁忠. 放牧对松嫩草原碱化羊草草地植物多样性的影响[J]. 草业科学,1997,6(4):17-23 [17] Olff H,Ritchie M E. Effects of herbivores on grassland plant diversity[J]. Trends in Ecology and Evolution,1998,13(7):261-265 [18] Hartley S E,Mitchell R J. Manipulation of nutrients and grazing levels on heather moorland:changes in Calluna dominance and consequences for community composition[J]. Journal of Ecology,2005,93(5):990-1004 [19] Denyer J L,Hartley S E,John E A. Small mammalian herbivore determines vegetation response to patchy nutrient inputs[J]. Oikos,2007,116(7):1186-1192 [20] 王德利,王岭. 草食动物与草地植物多样性的互作关系研究进展[J]. 草地学报,2011,19(4):699-704 [21] 李景平,刘桂香,马治华,等. 荒漠草原景观格局分析-以苏尼特右旗荒漠草原为例[J]. 中国草地学报,2006,28(5):81-85 [22] 韩梦琪,王忠武,靳宇曦,等. 短花针茅荒漠草原物种多样性及生产力对长期不同放牧强度的响应[J]. 西北植物学报,2017,37(11),2273-2281 [23] 王悦骅,宋晓辉,王占文,等. 植物群落多样性和生产力对不同载畜率的响应[J]. 中国草地学报,2018,40(6):107-112 [24] 刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,等. 放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原植物多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2017(10):1-9 [25] 卫智军,韩国栋,赵钢,等. 中国荒漠草原生态系统研究[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2013 [26] 王鑫厅. 放牧胁迫下植物间的正相互作用及其与植物个体小型化和种群空间格局的关系[D]. 内蒙古大学,2013,9-10 [27] Graff P,Aguiar M R,Chaneton E J. Shifts in positive and negative plant interactions along a grazing intensity gradient[J]. Ecology.2007,88(1):188-199 [28] 段敏杰,高清竹,万运帆.等. 放牧对藏北紫花针茅高寒草原植物群落特征的影响[J]. 生态学报,2010,30(14):3892-3900 [29] 刘冬伟,张风承,王明君,等. 放牧强度对三江平原小叶章草甸群落特征及多样性的影响[J]. 中国草地学报,2012(2):81-86 [30] 蒙旭辉,李向林,辛晓平,等. 不同放牧强度下羊草草甸草原群落特征及多样性分析[J]. 草地学报,2009(2):239-244 [31] 丁海君,韩国栋,王忠武,等. 短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率对植物群落特征的影响[J]. 中国草地学报,2014,36(2):55-60 [32] 蒯晓妍,邢鹏飞,张晓琳,等. 短期放牧强度对半干旱草地植物群落多样性和生产力的影响[J]. 草地学报,2018,26(06):1283-1289 |