放牧对温性荒漠草原植物群落特征与牧草营养品质的影响

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.Z1.019

草地学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (S1): 165-172.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.Z1.019

放牧对温性荒漠草原植物群落特征与牧草营养品质的影响

姚喜喜¹, 王立亚², 严振英², 张文娟², 孙海群¹, 周睿³

1. 青海大学农牧学院, 青海西宁 810016;
2. 青海省自然资源综合调查监测院, 青海西宁 810001;
3. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海西宁 810016

收稿日期:2021-03-10 修回日期:2021-04-15 出版日期:2021-10-30 发布日期:2021-11-17
通讯作者: 周睿,E-mail:13893632442@163.com
作者简介:姚喜喜(1989-),男,甘肃庆阳人,博士,讲师,主要从事反刍动物营养学与草地生态学研究,E-mail:18993075304@163.com
基金资助:
青海大学科研启动费资金项目（41510406）资助

Effects of Grazing on Vegetation Characteristics and Forage Nutrientional Quality in a Temperate Desert Steppe

YAO Xi-xi¹, WANG Li-ya², YAN Zhen-ying², ZHANG Wen-juan², SUN Hai-qun¹, ZHOU Rui³

1. College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
2. Natural Resources Comprehensive Investigation and Monitoring Institute of Qinghai Province, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
3. Academy of animal husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China

Received:2021-03-10 Revised:2021-04-15 Online:2021-10-30 Published:2021-11-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究放牧对温性荒漠草原植物群落特征和牧草营养品质的影响，本文研究了放牧和围封对温性荒漠草原植物群落特征、牧草营养品质的影响及其相互关系。结果表明：放牧显著降低了植物群落的高度、盖度和生物量，显著增加了物种丰富度指数（P<0.01）；放牧显著增加牧草粗蛋白（Crude protein，CP）、粗脂肪（Crude fat，CF）、消化率（Dry matter digestibility，DMD）和代谢能（Metabolic energy，ME），显著降低了牧草的中性洗涤纤维（Neutral detergent fibers，NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（Acid detergent fibers，ADF）（P<0.01）；群落多样性指数与牧草CP，CF，DMD和ME呈显著正相关（P<0.01），与牧草NDF和ADF呈显著负相关（P<0.01）；牧草CP，CF，DMD和ME与NDF和ADF呈显著负相关（P<0.01）。总之，放牧处理显著增加了物种丰富度指数和牧草营养品质。建议对围封温性荒漠草原进行适度放牧，以充分利用草地资源，保护草地物种多样性。

关键词: 放牧, 温性荒漠草原, 植被特征, 牧草营养品质, 相关性

Abstract: Grazing and fencing field were sampled to explore their effects on vegetation characteristics and forage nutritional quality by the combined analytical method in the temperate desert steppe. The results showed that, grazing significantly decreased the height, coverage and biomass of the plant community, and significantly increased the species richness index (P<0.01). Moreover, grazing significantly increased the Crude protein (CP), Crude fat (CF), Dry matter digestibility (DMD) and Metabolic energy (ME), and significantly decreased the Neutral detergent fibers (NDF) and Acid detergent fibers (ADF) (P<0.01). The species richness index was positively correlated with CP, CF, DMD and ME, but negatively correlated with NDF and ADF (P<0.01). CP, CF, DMD and ME were negatively correlated with NDF and ADF (P<0.01). In summary, grazing significantly increased species richness index and forage nutritional quality. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out appropriate grazing on the fencing temperate desert steppe to make full use of grassland resources and protect species diversity.

Key words: Grazing, Temperate desert steppe, Vegetation characteristics, Forage nutritional quality, Correlation

中图分类号:

S431.14

姚喜喜, 王立亚, 严振英, 张文娟, 孙海群, 周睿. 放牧对温性荒漠草原植物群落特征与牧草营养品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(S1): 165-172.

YAO Xi-xi, WANG Li-ya, YAN Zhen-ying, ZHANG Wen-juan, SUN Hai-qun, ZHOU Rui. Effects of Grazing on Vegetation Characteristics and Forage Nutrientional Quality in a Temperate Desert Steppe[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(S1): 165-172.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_cdxb/CN/10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.Z1.019

https://manu40.magtech.com.cn/Jweb_cdxb/CN/Y2021/V29/IS1/165

参考文献

[1] 徐世晓, 赵新全, 孙平, 等. 青藏高原5种牧草木质素含量及其体外消化率研究[J]. 西北植物学报, 2003, 23(9):1605-1608
[2] 关皓, 张明均, 宋珊, 等. 添加剂对不同干物质含量的多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2017, 34(10):2157-2163
[3] 李静鹏, 郑志荣, 赵念席, 等. 刈割、围封、放牧三种利用方式下草原生态系统的多功能性与植物物种多样性之间的关系[J]. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(8):735-747
[4] 翟夏杰, 黄顶, 王堃. 围封与放牧对典型草原植被和土壤的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2015, 37(6):73-78
[5] 郑敬刚, 何明珠, 苏云, 等. 放牧和围封对干旱区草地生态系统的影响[J]. 河南农业科学, 2011, 40(12):80-83
[6] 苏淑兰, 李洋, 王立亚, 等. 围封与放牧对青藏高原草地生物量与功能群结构的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2014, 34(8):1652-1657
[7] 韩炳宏, 牛得草, 袁晓波, 等. 围封与放牧措施下生物土壤结皮发育及其微生境土壤养分特征[J]. 草地学报, 2016, 24(6):1218-1225
[8] 杨思维, 魏玉兵, 蒲小鹏, 等. 提高甘肃省河西走廊荒漠草原畜牧业生产力的研究-以张掖市甘州区平山湖乡为例[J]. 草原与草坪, 2011, 31(3):45-49
[9] 张宇, 阿斯娅·曼力克, 辛晓平, 等. 禁牧与放牧对新疆温性草原群落结构、生物量及牧草品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2020, 28(3):815-821
[10] 初晓辉, 谢勇, 单贵莲, 等. 放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2017, 25(5):939-945
[11] REN H, HAN G, LAN Z, et al. Grazing effects on herbage nutritive values depend on precipitation and growing season in Inner Mongolian grassland[J]. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2016, 9(6):712-723
[12] 牛钰杰, 杨思维, 花立民. 放牧强度与季节因子变化对高寒草甸植物群落组成的影响[J]. 草原与草坪, 2020, 40(6):16-23
[13] CUEVAS J G, LE QUESNE C. Low vegetation recovery after short-term cattle exclusion on Robinson Crusoe Island[J]. Plant Ecology, 2006, 183(1):105-124
[14] 张帆, 王晨冰, 赵秀梅, 等. 果园垄膜覆盖对土壤微生物量碳氮及土壤呼吸的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2018, 32(7):1448-1455
[15] SCHÖNBACH P, WAN H, GIERUS M, et al. Effects of grazing and precipitation on herbage production, herbage nutritive value and performance of sheep in continental steppe[J]. Grass and Forage Science, 2012, 67(4):535-545
[16] 王仪明, 雷艳芳, 魏臻武, 等. 不同轮作模式对青贮玉米产量, 品质及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2017, 31(9):1803-1810
[17] MYSTERUD A, LANGVATN R, YOCCOZ N G, et al. Plant phenology, migration and geographical variation in body weight of a large herbivore:the effect of a variable topography[J]. Journal of Animal Ecology, 2001, 70(6):915-923
[18] MYSTERUD A, HESSEN D O, MOBæK R, et al. Plant quality, seasonality and sheep grazing in an alpine ecosystem[J]. Basic and Applied Ecology, 2011, 12(3):195-206
[19] FANSELOW N, SCHÖNBACH P, GONG X Y, et al. Short-term regrowth responses of four steppe grassland species to grazing intensity, water and nitrogen in Inner Mongolia[J]. Plant and Soil, 2011, 340(1-2):279-289
[20] 鲁为华, 于磊, 蒋惠. 新疆昭苏县沙尔套山天然草地植物群落数量分类与排序(简报)[J]. 草业学报, 2008, 17(1):135-139
[21] 李凯辉, 王万林, 胡玉昆, 等. 不同海拔梯度高寒草地地下生物量与环境因子的关系[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(11):2364-2368
[22] 张凡凡, 和海秀, 于磊, 等. 天山西部高山区夏季放牧草地4种重要牧草营养品质评价[J]. 草业学报, 2017, 26(8):207-215
[23] PAKEMAN R J. Consistency of plant species and trait responses to grazing along a productivity gradient:a multi-site analysis[J]. Journal of Ecology, 2004, 92(5):893-905
[24] SCHÖNBACH P, WAN H, SCHIBORRA A, et al. Short-term management and stocking rate effects of grazing sheep on herbage quality and productivity of Inner Mongolia steppe[J]. Crop and Pasture Science, 2009, 60(10):963-974
[25] VESK P A, LEISHMAN M R, WESTOBY M. Simple traits do not predict grazing response in Australian dry shrublands and woodlands[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, 41(1):22-31
[26] 梁建勇, 焦婷, 吴建平, 等. 不同类型草地牧草消化率季节动态与营养品质的关系研究[J]. 草业学报, 2015, 24(6):108-115
[27] TILLEY J M A, TERRY R A. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops[J]. Grass and forage science, 1963, 18(2):104-111
[28] RIDLEY E J, TODD G W. Anatomical variations in the wheat leaf following internal water stress[J]. Botanical Gazette, 1966, 127(4):235-238
[29] KLEINEBECKER T, WEBER H, HÖLZEL N. Effects of grazing on seasonal variation of aboveground biomass quality in calcareous grasslands[J]. Plant Ecology, 2011, 212(9):1563-1576
[30] 鱼小军, 景媛媛, 段春华, 等. 围栏与不同放牧强度对东祁连山高寒草甸植被和土壤的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2015, 33(1):252-277
[31] MILCHUNAS D G, VARNAMKHASTI A S, LAUENROTH W K, et al. Forage quality in relation to long-term grazing history, current-year defoliation, and water resource[J]. Oecologia, 1995, 101(3):366-374
[32] 郑伟, 董全民, 李世雄, 等. 放牧强度对环青海湖高寒草原群落物种多样性和生产力的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2012, 20(6):1033-1038
[33] 王向涛, 张世虎, 陈懂懂, 等. 不同放牧强度下高寒草甸植被特征和土壤养分变化研究[J]. 草地学报, 2010, 18(4):510-516
[34] HEBBLEWHITE M, MERRILL E, MCDERMID G. A multi-scale test of the forage maturation hypothesis in a partially migratory ungulate population[J]. Ecological monographs, 2008, 78(2):141-166
[35] MYSTERUD A, YOCCOZ N G, LANGVATN R, et al. Hierarchical path analysis of deer responses to direct and indirect effects of climate in northern forest[J]. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:Biological Sciences, 2008, 363(1501):2357-2366
[36] GARCIA F, CARRERE P, SOUSSANA J F, et al. The ability of sheep at different stocking rates to maintain the quality and quantity of their diet during the grazing season[J]. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 2003, 140(1):113-124
[37] WANG C J, TAS B M, GLINDEMANN T, et al. Fecal crude protein content as an estimate for the digestibility of forage in grazing sheep[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2009, 149(3-4):199-208
[38] ČOP J, LAVRENČIČ A, KOŠMELJ K. Morphological development and nutritive value of herbage in five temperate grass species during primary growth:analysis of time dynamics[J]. Grass and forage science, 2009, 64(2):122-131
[39] 杨晶晶, 陈闻, 袁媛, 等. 模拟增温对羊草生态系统土壤呼吸速率的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(17):6202-6214
[40] 姜翠霞, 胡长胜, 魏海燕, 等. 夏季模拟放牧对青藏高原冬春草场牧草品质和土壤养分的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2020, 28(5):305-309
[41] 石岳, 马殷雷, 马文红, 等. 中国草地的产草量和牧草品质:格局及其与环境因子之间的关系[J]. 科学通报, 2013, 58(3):226-239
[42] 张晓庆, 吴秋珏, 郝正里, 等. 不同品种苜蓿营养成分及体外消化率动态研究[J]. 草业科学, 2005, 22(12):48-51
[43] 李瑜鑫, 王建洲, 李龙, 等. 藏北高寒牧区放牧藏绵羊采食与消化率的研究[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2010, 42(4):51-54
[44] JOHNSON J A, CATON J S, POLAND W, et al. Influence of season on dietary composition, intake, and digestion by beef steers grazing mixed-grass prairie in the northern Great Plains[J]. Journal of animal science, 1998, 76(6):1682-1690
[45] 卫智军, 杨静, 苏吉安, 等. 荒漠草原不同放牧制度群落现存量与营养物质动态研究[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003, 21(4):53-57

放牧对温性荒漠草原植物群落特征与牧草营养品质的影响

Effects of Grazing on Vegetation Characteristics and Forage Nutrientional Quality in a Temperate Desert Steppe

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	姚世庭, 芦光新, 邓晔, 范月君, 周华坤, 党宁, 王英成, 张海娟, 颜珲璘. 模拟增温对高寒草地土壤原核生物群落组成及多样性影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(S1): 27-34.
[2]	张中华, 马丽, 周秉荣, 宋明华, 徐文华, 邓艳芳, 王芳, 佘延娣, 张骞, 姚步青, 马真, 周华坤. 高寒草甸优势种功能多样性对增温和模拟放牧的响应[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(S1): 225-232.
[3]	侯路路, 王旭, 张翔, 闫玉春, 闫瑞瑞, 程利, 辛晓平. 放牧强度对肉牛行为的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(9): 1974-1982.
[4]	张博, 程杰, 王淑红, 刘晶, 杨雪, 晏昕辉, 李伟. 氮添加和放牧对云雾山草原优势种异速生长模式的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(9): 1983-1991.
[5]	刘晶晶, 尹亚丽, 李世雄, 赵文, 董怡玲, 苏世锋. 不同调控措施对中度退化高寒草甸植被及土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(9): 2074-2080.
[6]	曲艳, 宋倩, 杨合龙, 赵坤, 赵敏, 刘玉玲, 王德平, 戎郁萍. 呼伦贝尔草原不同利用方式对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(8): 1621-1627.
[7]	何振富, 贺春贵, 王斐, 陈平. 不同类型饲草高粱生产性能与饲用品质的差异分析[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(7): 1446-1453.
[8]	孙彩彩, 冯斌, 董全民, 刘文亭, 时光, 刘玉祯, 张小芳, 俞旸, 张春平, 杨晓霞. 牦牛藏羊混合放牧对高寒草地紫花针茅功能性状的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(7): 1477-1483.
[9]	裴雯, 陈清, 张洛梓, 贾丽英. 放牧、水分和氮素对内蒙古草原土壤团聚体的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(7): 1499-1506.
[10]	孙华方, 李希来, 李成一, 张静, 林春英, 金立群, 杨鑫光. 黄河源区建植19年人工草地生物结皮CO₂通量与叶绿素荧光参数的变化[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(5): 894-903.
[11]	李娜娜, 杨九艳, 贾喆亭, 闫瑞玲, 陈琪. 不同放牧方式对阿拉善左旗主要草场类型群落特征和土壤养分的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(5): 991-1003.
[12]	孙一梅, 田青, 郭爱霞, 张森溪, 吕朋, 左小安. 放牧和氮添加对半干旱沙质草地优势种糙隐子草及群落功能性状的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(3): 563-571.
[13]	张雅楠, 王成杰, 韩勇军, 红灵, 七十三, 王占义. 施肥和刈割处理模拟放牧对西北针茅生长的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(2): 317-323.
[14]	万婷, 段钧译, 李蒙, 陈智勇. 南荻MlNAC2基因差异表达与耐盐生理响应的相关性分析[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(12): 2685-2693.
[15]	姚喜喜, 周睿, 李长慧, 多杰索南. 坡向对青藏高原高寒草地植被分布格局和牧草品质特征的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(12): 2792-2799.