草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (6): 1311-1317.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.06.022

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2005-2017年青海三江源区草地家畜承载力时空格局研究

钱前1,2, 张秀娟1, 王军邦2, 叶辉3, 李英年4, 张志军5   

  1. 1. 长江大学园艺园林学院, 湖北 荆州 434023;
    2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室 生态系统大数据与模拟中心, 北京 100101;
    3. 九江学院旅游与地理学院, 江西 九江 332005;
    4. 中科院西北高原生物研究所, 青海 西宁 810001;
    5. 青海省生态环境监测中心, 青海 西宁 810007
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-13 修回日期:2021-01-04 出版日期:2021-06-15 发布日期:2021-07-05
  • 通讯作者: 王军邦,E-mail:jbwang@igsnrr.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:钱前(1996-)，女，河北廊坊人，硕士，主要从事草地生态学研究，E-mail:724528916@qq.com;张秀娟(1979-)，女，河北保定人，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，主要从事生态系统恢复研究，E-mail:zxj510@yangtzeu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDA23100202）；中国科学院青海省人民政府联合专项（YHZX-2020-07）；第二次青藏高原综合考察研究（2019QZKK0302）资助

The Spatio-temporal Pattern of Grazing Pressure in the Three-River Headwaters in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2017

QIAN Qian1,2, ZHANG Xiu-juan1, WANG Jun-bang2, YE Hui3, LI Ying-nian4, ZHANG Zhi-jun5   

  1. 1. College of Horticulture and Gardening, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province 434023, China;
    2. National Ecosystem Science Data Center, Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    3. College of Tourism and Geography, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province 332005, China;
    4. Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai Province 810001, China;
    5. Qinghai Eco-environment Monitoring Center, Xining, Qinghai Province 810007, China
  • Received:2020-11-13 Revised:2021-01-04 Online:2021-06-15 Published:2021-07-05

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摘要： 位于青藏高原腹地的青海三江源是全球气候变化的启动区和脆弱区，是我国国家生态安全屏障。为有效遏制该地区高寒草地生态退化，在2005—2017年先后实施了生态保护和建设一期工程、二期工程。本研究应用基于卫星遥感模型估算的植被净初级生产力及家畜存栏统计数据，对三江源生态保护和建设工程实施以来草地理论载畜量及载畜压力时空变化及其原因进行了分析。结果表明：2005—2017年间三江源区理论载畜量呈现不显著降低趋势，较之前一期工程期间，二期工程实施期间理论载畜量降低了6.75%；一期工程实施期间现实载畜总量2 041.39万羊单位，载畜压力指数1.38；而二期工程实施期间，可能由于气候暖干化使得理论载畜量降低，以及实施减畜政策与补偿的不对等关系，导致现实载畜总量增至2 216.40万羊单位，载畜压力指数增至1.60。研究结果表明生态保护和建设工程仍然面临着艰巨而又复杂的挑战。

关键词: 三江源, 高寒草地, 载畜压力

Abstract: Three-River Headwaters,located in the hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau,is sensitive to global climate changes. It was considered as ecological security defense for China. To restore the degraded alpine grassland in the region,the first and second stage of Ecological Protection and Construction project were completed in 2005-2017.The net primary productivity,estimated by satellite remote sensing-based model,and the statistic data on the livestock were applied to analyze the spatial-temporal change of the theoretical livestock carrying capacity and the grazing pressure in 2005-2017 and its changing reasons were discussed in this study. The results showed that the theoretical livestock carrying capacity had an insignificant decreasing trend and the capacity in the second stage decreased by 6.75% comparing to that in the first stage. In the first stage,the actual livestock was 20.414 million SU with a grazing pressure index of 1.38. However,in the second stage,the actual livestock increased to 22.164 million SU and the pressure index increased to 1.60,which were caused by the climate warming and drying.Due to the imbalance between the restrict livestock reduction policy and inadequate compensation,the herders raised more animals to maintain revenue. This study implicated that the project still faces very tough and complex challenges.

Key words: Three-River headwaters, Alpine grassland, Grazing pressure index

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