草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 1163-1171.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.04.016

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

多次刈割对黄土高原豆科牧草生产性能的影响

张馨元1, 杨天辉1,2, 王文军1, 李岚1, 兰剑3, 侯扶江1   

  1. 1. 兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室, 农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室, 国家林业草原西北退化草原生态修复与利用工程技术研究中心, 兰州大学草地农业科技学院, 甘肃 兰州 730020;
    2. 宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所, 宁夏 银川 750002;
    3. 宁夏大学林业与草业学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08 修回日期:2024-08-06 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 侯扶江,E-mail:cyhoufj@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张馨元（1999-），女，汉族，甘肃陇南人，硕士研究生，主要从事放牧家畜消化代谢研究，E-mail：220220902120@lzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区林业和草原局重点研发计划（2021NXLCZDYF01）；教育部创新团队发展计划项目（IRT-17R50）；兰州市科研基金资助兰州大学项目（GRCZC2021001）共同资助

Effects of Multiple Mowing on the Performance of Legume Forage in Loess Plateau

ZHANAG Xin-yuan1, YANG Tian-hui1,2, WANG Wen-jun1, LI Lan1, LAN Jian3, HOU Fu-jiang1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Engineering Technology Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Utilization of Degraded Grassland in Northwest China, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730020, China;
    2. Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750002, China;
    3. College of Forestry and Grassland, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
  • Received:2024-05-08 Revised:2024-08-06 Online:2025-04-15 Published:2025-04-28

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摘要： 为评估多次刈割对豆科牧草生产性能的影响，本研究在黄土高原选取紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）、白三叶（Trifolium repens L.）和红三叶（Trifolium pretense L.）3种豆科牧草开展2年田间试验，分析多次刈割对牧草饲草食物当量、品质及时空稳定性的影响，评价牧草产量与品质间的关系。结果表明，紫花苜蓿的再生速率于101.3~114.6天达到峰值，红三叶于99.8~103.7天达到峰值，白三叶于86.7~113.9天达到最大；紫花苜蓿的饲草食物当量最高，其饲草食物当量的产量在81~106天达到最大；氮含量时间稳定性由大到小依次为紫花苜蓿>红三叶>白三叶（P<0.05）；草产量空间稳定性由大到小依次为紫花苜蓿>红三叶>白三叶（P<0.05）；3种豆科牧草氮含量随牧草产量的增加呈负幂函数递减趋势，牧草产量大约在600 kg·hm-2之后，牧草产量与氮含量耦合；≥0℃积温是牧草产量和品质的主要预测因子。本研究建立了牧草生长时间对牧草再生速率的预测模型和牧草产量对牧草氮含量的预测模型，结果表明这些预测模型的准确性较高，可为黄土高原豆科牧草的生产栽培提供科学依据。

关键词: 栽培草地, 多次刈割, 豆科牧草, 产草量, 牧草品质, 饲草食物当量

Abstract: To evaluate the effects of multiple cutting on the performance of legume forage， three legume forages alfalfa （Medicago sativa L.）， white clover （Trifolium repens L.） and red clover （Trifolium pretense L.） were selected in the Loess Plateau to carry out a 2-years field experiment. The effects of multiple mowing on food equivalent unit （FEU） productivity， quality and spatio-temporal stability were analyzed， and the relationship between forage yield and quality was evaluated. The results showed that the regeneration rate of alfalfa reached its peak in 101.3~114.6 days， red clover reached its peak in 99.8~103.7 days and white clover reached its maximum in 86.7~113.9 days. The FEU of alfalfa was the highest， and the FEU productivity reached the maximum between 81 and 106 days. The temporal stability of nitrogen content was alfalfa > red clover > white clover （P<0.05）. The spatial stability of forage yield was alfalfa>red clover>white clover （P<0.05）； The nitrogen content of the three legume forages showed a negative exponential decrease， after forage yield of about 600 kg·hm-2， forage yield is coupled with nitrogen content. Accumulated temperature ≥0℃ was the main predictor of forage yield and quality. The prediction model of forage growth time to yield and the prediction model of forage yield to nitrogen content were established. The results showed that the prediction models were accurate and could provide scientific basis for the production and cultivation of legume forage in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: Cultivate grassland, Multiple mowing, Legume forage, Forage yield, Forage quality, Food equivalent unit

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