草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 152-159.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.01.018

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

川西北高原鼠荒地危害程度分级及适应性管理对策

孙飞达1, 苟文龙2, 朱灿1, 李飞1, 陈晓霞1, 刘琳1, 刘伟1, 杨廷勇3, 廖习红4   

  1. 1. 四川农业大学动物科技学院, 四川 成都 611130;
    2. 四川省草原科学研究院, 四川 成都 611731;
    3. 四川省甘孜藏族自治州草原工作站, 甘孜 康定 626000;
    4. 四川省若尔盖县农业畜牧和水务局, 阿坝 若尔盖 624500
  • 收稿日期:2017-03-09 修回日期:2018-01-08 出版日期:2018-02-15 发布日期:2018-05-25
  • 作者简介:孙飞达(1978-),男,博士,副教授,主要从事草原鼠害综合防控及草地生态研究,E-mail:sunfd08@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    四川省教育厅重点项目（17ZA0320）；四川省留学回国人员启动项目（03109148）；国家牧草产业技术体系（CARS-35-16）资助

Ranking and Parameters for Rodents Damaged Rangelands and Adaptive Management in Northwest Plateau of Sichuan Province

SUN Fei-da1, GOU Wen-long2, ZHU Can1, LI Fei1, CHEN Xiao-Xia1, LIU Lin1, LIU Wei1, YANG Ting-Yong3, LIAO Xi-hong4   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611130, China;
    2. Sichuan Grassland Science Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 611731, China;
    3. Ganzi Prefecture Grassland Working Station, Kangding, Ganzi 626000, China;
    4. Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Water Bureau of Ruoergai County, Ruoergai, A'ba 624500, China
  • Received:2017-03-09 Revised:2018-01-08 Online:2018-02-15 Published:2018-05-25

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摘要：

高原鼠兔和高原鼢鼠是青藏高原特有的食草型小动物，其啃食、掘洞、刈割、贮草行为对高寒草甸生态系统既具有破坏损伤系统的负面效应，也有利于维持和稳定系统的正面效应，这种益害转化完全取决于不同时间和空间尺度上的害鼠种群及其数量。通过对川西北的阿坝州、甘孜州和青海省果洛州的42个高寒草地样地的鼠类种群密度调查和已有文献的采集分析，明确了草原害鼠在高寒草地生态系统中的角色和作用，定义了鼠荒地的概念，对鼠荒地危害程度划分为轻度、中度、重度和极度4个等级；依据指标因子重要性排序，分级指标包含害鼠种群、植物群落和土壤养分3个主因子群；总洞穴数量、有效洞口数等11个单项因子；并对不同危害程度的鼠荒地提出了封育自然修复、人为干预修复、半人工草地改建和人工草地重建4种草原鼠害适应性管理策略，对于高寒草地生态系统草原害鼠适应性管理和害鼠灭除后二次发生防控具有指导意义。

关键词: 青藏高原, 鼠荒地, 危害分级, 高原鼠兔, 高原鼢鼠

Abstract:

Plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)and Plateau zokor(Myospalax baileyi) are the special small herbivores in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which grazing, burrowing, mowing and storage grass activities have negative and positive effects on alpine meadow ecosystem. However, the orientation of harmful or beneficial influence was depended on rodent species and their population amount at different spatial and temporal scales. Adopting field survey and references analysis, rodents species and burrows data were collected from forty-two plots of three regions at A'ba and Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Northwest Plateau of Sichuan Province，and Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai province. Understanding the roles of rodent activities on grassland degradation is essential to improve the management of small herbivores populations in alpine meadow ecosystems. We concluded the roles of rodent activities in alpine meadow ecosystems and defined the conception of Rodents Damaged Rangelands. Furthermore, based on rodent damage levels, damage degrees of Light, Medium, Heavy and Extreme were classified into three main factors groups and eleven individual indices. And three main combined factors were rodent population, plant community and soil properties, and eleven sub-factors were total burrows and active burrow amount.Based on rodent damaged rangelands phrases, we provided four adaptive management strategies including fencing self-restoration, human intervention repair, semi artificial grassland reconstruction and artificial grassland restoration. Further, all these measures were helpful to establish the adaptive management strategies and prevent rodents recurrence after using rodenticide in alpine meadow ecosystems in Qing-Tibetan Plateau.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Rodents damaged rangeland, Criterion of plateau pikas hazard ranking, Plateau pika, Plateau zokor

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