草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (5): 1387-1397.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.05.005

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同苜蓿-粮食作物(饲草)轮作模式对土壤细菌群落组成及其生态功能影响

郑敏娜1,2, 康佳惠1,2, 龚瑞杰3, 陈燕妮1,2, 韩志顺1,2, 梁秀芝1,2   

  1. 1. 山西农业大学高寒区作物研究所, 山西 大同 037008;
    2. 农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室, 山西 太谷 030800;
    3. 山西农业大学软件学院, 山西 太谷 030800
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14 修回日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-05-15 发布日期:2025-05-20
  • 作者简介:郑敏娜(1983-),女,汉族,甘肃通渭人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事牧草育种和栽培研究,E-mail:zhengminna@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC087);山西省基础研究计划项目(202303021222076);大同市科技成果转化项目(2024060);大同市应用基础研究计划项目(2024070);山西农业大学科技创新提升工程(CXGC2023076);山西省牧草产业技术体系(2025)资助

Effects of Various Alfalfa-Crop(Forage)Rotation Patterns on Bacterial Community Composition and Ecological Function Prediction

ZHENG Min-na1,2, KANG Jia-hui1,2, GONG Rui-jie3, CHEN Yan-ni1,2, HAN Zhi-shun1,2, LIANG Xiu-zhi1,2   

  1. 1. High Latitude Crops Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Datong, Shanxi Province 037008, China;
    2. Key Laboratory for Model Innovation in Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. Taigu, Shanxi Province 030800, China;
    3. School of Software, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 030800, China
  • Received:2024-11-14 Revised:2025-02-24 Online:2025-05-15 Published:2025-05-20

摘要: 本研究选择7种草-粮(草)轮作种植模式,并借助高通量测序技术,探究了不同轮作模式对土壤养分含量及微生物多样性的影响差异与变化规律,发现与苜蓿连作模式相比,苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)-燕麦(Avena sativa )-苜蓿、苜蓿-玉米(Zea mays L.)-胡麻(Linum usitatissimumL.)和苜蓿-高粱(Sorghum bicolor L.)-谷子(Setaria italica)等模式可有效提升土壤全磷、速效磷、全钾和速效钾的含量,且在苜蓿-高粱-谷子模式中细菌群落多样性指数最高;变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)是各轮作模式下土壤细菌群落的优势菌群,进一步冗余分析结果揭示出有机碳、全氮、速效氮等3个指标对土壤中的细菌群落组成有着更为显著的影响;生态功能预测结果表明,新陈代谢(Metabolism)是土壤细菌代谢过程中最重要的功能。因此,多年生苜蓿翻耕轮作一年生作物(饲草)后改变了土壤细菌群落结构和生态功能,其中,苜蓿-高粱-谷子模式轮作效果最佳,在盐碱地的改良轮作中可优先考虑利用。

关键词: 苜蓿, 轮作, 土壤细菌群落, 生态功能预测

Abstract: In this study, seven grass-grain (grass) crop rotation patterns were selected, and the effects of different rotation patterns on soil nutrient content and microbial diversity were investigated with the help of high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with alfalfa continuous cropping mode, alfalfa-oats-alfalfa, alfalfa-corn-flax and alfalfa-sorghum-millet models effectively increased the contents of total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium in soil, and the bacterial community diversity index was the highest in alfalfa-sorghum-millet model. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota and Actinobacteriota were the dominant bacterial groups in soil bacterial communities under different cropping patterns. Further redundancy analysis revealed that organic carbon, total nitrogen and available nitrogen had more significant effects on soil bacterial community composition. The results of ecological function prediction showed that Metabolism was the most important function of soil bacteria metabolism. In conclusion, the bacterial community structure and ecological function of soil were changed after perennial alfalfa was turned into annual crop (forage). Among them, alfalfa-sorghum-millet model had the best effect, and could be given priority in the improved rotation of saline-alkali land.

Key words: Alfalfa, Crop rotation, Soil bacterial community, Ecological function prediction

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