草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (4): 1137-1145.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.04.001

• 研究论文 •    

北方荒漠草原区光伏电站建设对植物多样性的影响机制研究

帅争峰1, 雷咸道1, 汪常明1, 黄晨1, 魏学文1, 吴睿2, 林长存2   

  1. 1. 三峡滨河新能源(平罗县)有限公司, 宁夏 石嘴山 753400;
    2. 北京林业大学草地资源与生态研究中心, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-30 修回日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者: 林长存，E-mail：linchangcun@bjfu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:帅争峰（1986-），男，汉族，湖北孝感人，博士研究生，主要从事新能源工程、生态环保研究，E-mail：shuai_zhengfeng@ctg.com.cn；
  • 基金资助:
    中国三峡新能源（集团）股份有限公司（科研项目编号：NBWL202400129）资助

Study on the Impact Mechanism of Photovoltaic Power Plant Construction on Plant Diversity in the Northern Desert Grassland Area

SHUAI Zheng-feng1, LEI Xian-dao1, WANG Chang-ming1, HUANG Chen1, WEI Xue-wen1, WU Rui2, LIN Chang-cun2   

  1. 1. China Three Gorges Binhe New Energy (Pingluo County) Co., Ltd., Shizuishan, Ningxia 753400, China;
    2. Grassland Resources and Ecology Center, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2025-04-30 Revised:2025-06-20 Published:2026-04-15

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摘要： 为探究荒漠草原区光伏电站对生态系统的长期影响，本研究以宁夏灵武光伏电站为对象，比较了恢复1年与5年，光伏阵列不同微生境的植物群落与土壤特征。结果表明，光伏阵列通过改变光热分布，形成了高度异质的微生境，显著影响植被恢复进程。群落演替呈现清晰的时空分异，恢复初期以刺沙蓬（Salsola ruthenica）等先锋种为主，5年后逐渐演替为以驼绒藜（Ceratoides latens）等多年生草本为主导的稳定群落。其中，板下遮阴区因强烈的环境筛选作用，耐阴、耐旱物种的竞争加剧，导致其植物多样性指数在恢复5年后显著下降，但物种丰富度依然维持在较高水平。结构方程模型揭示，恢复年限是群落演替的核心驱动力，而微生境通过调控土壤资源（如氮、钾有效性）来引导恢复方向。本研究构建了光伏场区“环境筛选-资源竞争-稳态维持”的生态恢复路径，为干旱区光伏电站的生态修复与可持续管理提供了科学依据。

关键词: 光伏电站, 植物多样性, 群落演替, 微生境异质性, 荒漠草原

Abstract: To investigate the long-term ecological impacts of photovoltaic （PV） power stations in desert steppe ecosystems， this study was conducted at the Lingwu PV facility in Ningxia， China. We compared plant communities and soil characteristics across different microhabitats within the solar array over restoration periods of 1 and 5 years. The results indicated that the PV array created highly heterogeneous microhabitats by altering the distribution of light and heat， which significantly influenced the vegetation restoration process. A clear spatiotemporal differentiation in community succession was observed. In the initial restoration stage， pioneer species such as Salsola ruthenica were dominant. After five years， the community gradually transitioned to a stable state dominated by perennial herbs， including Ceratoides latens. Notably， in the shaded areas under the PV panels， strong environmental filtering intensified competition among shade- and drought-tolerant species. This led to a significant decrease in plant diversity indices after five years， although species richness remained high. Structural equation modeling （SEM） revealed that the restoration period is the primary driver of community succession. Microhabitat heterogeneity guides the direction of this succession by regulating soil resources， such as the availability of nitrogen and potassium. This study proposes an ecological restoration pathway for PV sites defined by “environmental filtering-resource competition-stability maintenance”， providing a scientific basis for the ecological restoration and sustainable management of PV power stations in arid regions.

Key words: Photovoltaic power plants, Plant diversity, Community succession, Microhabitat heterogeneity, Desert grassland

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