Abstract: After investigation in ecological distribution and growth areas of alfalfa in Yunnan, 30 wild and escaped alfalfa germplasm resources were collected as experimental materials. Distribution area, climate, soil characteristics and habitats were systematically studied to explore their population quantity and ecological adaptability. Results were as follows: The alfalfa resources were distributed from N 23°37'49.0″ to 28°34'09.1″ and from E 98°47'31.4″ to 103°53'15.9″. The altitude of distribution area ranged from 1122 m to 2661 m with annual precipitation of 300～1000 mm, and soil water content ranged from 0.79% to 6.20%. The soil pH value changed from 4.30 to 8.37. The soils were barren. According to habitat, alfalfa could be classified as weed land type, dry and hot river type, plateau and mountain type. In the collecting sites, the dominant species and companion species of community included 45 species of 18 families. Most of alfalfa resources distributed sparsely, but Deqin alfalfa distributed in large and continuous area as dominant species in Deqin County. Distribution areas of wild and escaped alfalfa germplasm resources in Yunnan were wide and the habitat was various. Moreover, these resources had broad adaptability and strong competitive strength, in which contained rich breeding materials of stress resistance.

Key words: Alfalfa, Wild, Escaped, Ecological adaptability

摘要： 以30份云南野生和逸生苜蓿(Medicago L.)资源为材料,对其分布区域气候、土壤特征及其生境进行系统研究,以探明云南野生和逸生苜蓿种群数量及适生性。结果表明:云南野生和逸生苜蓿资源在N 23°37'49.0″～28°34'09.1″,E 98°47'31.4″～103°53'15.9″之间都有分布,垂直分布海拔范围为1122～2661 m;分布地年平降水量的变幅在300～1000 mm,土壤含水量变化范围在0.79%～6.20%之间,土壤pH值变幅在4.30～8.37之间,采样地土壤较为贫瘠。分布地地貌类型多样,按其生境可分为杂草地型、干热河谷型、丘陵山地型和其他类型。苜蓿资源分布地优势植物和伴生植物共计18科45种植物,自然群落中的苜蓿主要作为伴生种零星存在;在迪庆州德钦县,德钦苜蓿作为优势种呈连片分布。综上所述,云南野生和逸生苜蓿资源在云南分布范围广,生境类型多样,具有较强的适生性和竞争能力,蕴含丰富的抗逆性苜蓿种质。

关键词: 苜蓿, 野生, 逸生, 适生性