Abstract: To provide the fundamental evidences for the development and utilization of oat (Avena sativa L.) germplasm resources in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia,the genetic diversity analysis,principal component and cluster analysis were performed on 134 accessions of covered oat to investigate 20 biological characters of them. The results showed that the diversity of these germplasms were much abundant. The genetic diversity indexes of plant height and panicle length were the highest among those indexes of 20 characters. The variation coefficient of tillering number per plant and the main spike grain weight were the biggest. The principal component analysis on 12 quantitative characters indicated that the accumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components accounted for 78.328% of the variation accounted;the first principal component reflected the grain yield,while the second principal component,the third and fourth principal component reflected the plant height,grain shape and tiller number,respectively. According to genetic difference of the biological characteristics among those accessions,the 134 accessions could be classified into 4 categories by cluster analysis. The first group could be used as parents of breeding high-yielding oat variety with special spike and grain;the second group as parents of breeding high-stalk and high-hay yield oat variety for both food and feed;the third group as parents of breeding materials for great-grain type;the fourth group as parents of breeding material for short-stalk plant.

Key words: Oat (Avena sativa L.), Biological characters, Genetic diversity, Principal component analysis, Clustering analysis

摘要： 本研究对134份皮燕麦(Avena sativa L.)种质资源的20个生物学性状进行多样性、主成分以及聚类分析,评价其生物学性状的遗传多样性,为内蒙古东部地区燕麦种质资源的开发利用提供依据。结果表明:各生物学性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,多样性指数最高的性状是株高和穗长,变异系数最大的性状是分蘖数和主穗籽粒重。前4个主成分因子的特征值均大于1,累计贡献率达78.328%,第一、二、三和四主成分分别反映籽粒产量、株高、粒型和分蘖能力。根据品种(系)间各性状的遗传差异,通过聚类分析将134份种质划分为4类,其中类群Ⅰ可作为选育特异穗粒的高产型燕麦品种的亲本,类群Ⅱ可作为选育高杆的粮饲兼用型燕麦品种的亲本,类群Ⅲ可作为选育大粒专用型燕麦品种的亲本,类群Ⅳ可作为选育矮杆燕麦品种的亲本。

关键词: 燕麦, 生物学性状, 遗传多样性, 主成分分析, 聚类分析