Simulation of the Spatio-temporal Patterns of Carbon Source/Sink of Grassland Ecosystem in Gansu Province

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.10.027

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 3396-3404.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.10.027

Simulation of the Spatio-temporal Patterns of Carbon Source/Sink of Grassland Ecosystem in Gansu Province

WANF Fei¹, XU Gan-jun¹, KANG Xiao-ming^2,3, WANG Guo-feng¹, YAN Liang^2,3, WANG Yi-ge¹, ZHANG Xiao-dong^2,3, ZHANG Ke-rou^2,3

1. State Forestry Administration Key Laboratory of Eco-hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid areas, Northwest Surveying, Planning and Designing Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Xi'an, Shanxi Province 710048, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Services and Restoration, Institute of Ecological Conservation and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
3. Sichuan Zoige Wetland Ecosystem Research Station, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Aba, Aba, Sichuan Province 624500, China

Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-03-20 Published:2025-10-17

甘肃省草地生态系统碳源/汇时空格局模拟

王飞¹, 徐干君¹, 康晓明^2,3, 王国锋¹, 颜亮^2,3, 王弋戈¹, 张骁栋^2,3, 张克柔^2,3

1. 旱区生态水文与灾害防治国家林业局重点实验室, 国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院, 陕西西安 710048;
2. 湿地环境保护与生态修复全国重点实验室, 湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室, 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所, 北京 100091;
3. 四川若尔盖高寒湿地生态系统定位观测研究站, 四川阿坝 624500

通讯作者: 张克柔,E-mail:zhangkerou1991@nwafu.edu.cn
作者简介:张克柔,E-mail:zhangkerou1991@nwafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省林业和草原局科技支撑项目（GSYS-ZFCG-20241104）；国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院科技创新项目（XBY-KJCX-2023-02）；国家自然科学基金项目（32171597）资助

Abstract

Abstract: The grassland in Gansu province is a key area for studying carbon budget in China， and its net ecosystem productivity （NEP） is the core for measuring the carbon source/sink function in this region. However， the complex terrain and climatic conditions lead to a large uncertainty in the estimation of NEP in this region. This study， simulated the spatio-temporal patterns of grassland NEP in Gansu from 1980 to 2022 using the Integrated Biosphere Simulator （IBIS） model and validated the results with observational data. The IBIS model performed well in simulating grassland NEP （R²=0.70，P<0.0001）. From 1980 to 2022， the annual mean NEP was 194.5 g·m^-² ·a^-1 C， with a slight increasing trend. The spatial pattern of the annual average NEP generally showed a trend of being higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest， with a gradual decrease from southeast to northwest. Most of the southern grassland is a carbon sink area， while some arid grasslands in the north are carbon source areas， with their NEP distribution patterns mainly dominated by rainfall. These findings enhance the understanding of grassland carbon sequestration in Gansu and support regional “carbon neutrality” goal.

Key words: Grassland ecosystem, Carbon sink, NEP, Spatial-temporal pattern

摘要： 甘肃省草地是我国碳收支研究的关键区域，其净生态系统生产力（NEP）是衡量碳源/汇功能的核心。然而复杂的地形和气候条件导致该地区NEP估算存在较大不确定性。本研究基于集成生物圈模型（IBIS），模拟了1980—2022年甘肃省草地NEP的时空格局，并结合观测数据验证了模型精度。结果表明，IBIS模型能够较好地模拟该区域草地NEP动态（R²=0.70，P<0.0001）。1980—2022年，甘肃省草地年均NEP为194.5 g m^-2·a^-1 C，呈轻微上升趋势。年均NEP空间格局总体呈现东南高西北低，从东南向西北逐渐递减的趋势。南部草地大部分地区为碳汇区，北部部分干旱草原为碳源区，其NEP分布格局主要由降雨主导。本研究为甘肃省草地碳汇功能评估提供了科学依据，对实现区域“碳中和”目标具有重要参考价值。

关键词: 草地生态系统, 碳汇, NEP, 时空格局

CLC Number:

X171.1

WANF Fei, XU Gan-jun, KANG Xiao-ming, WANG Guo-feng, YAN Liang, WANG Yi-ge, ZHANG Xiao-dong, ZHANG Ke-rou. Simulation of the Spatio-temporal Patterns of Carbon Source/Sink of Grassland Ecosystem in Gansu Province[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(10): 3396-3404.

王飞, 徐干君, 康晓明, 王国锋, 颜亮, 王弋戈, 张骁栋, 张克柔. 甘肃省草地生态系统碳源/汇时空格局模拟[J]. 草地学报, 2025, 33(10): 3396-3404.

References

[1] LI G， HAN H， DU Y， et al. Effects of warming and increased precipitation on net ecosystem productivity: a long-term manipulative experiment in a semiarid grassland[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，2017，232: 359-366
[2] YANG Y， SHI Y， SUN W， et al. Terrestrial carbon sinks in China and around the world and their contribution to carbon neutrality[J].Science China Life Sciences，2022，65（5）:861-895
[3] ERB K H， KASTNER T， PLUTZAR C， et al. Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and grazing on global vegetation biomass[J].Nature，2018，553（7686）:73-76
[4] 刘春雨.省域生态系统碳源/汇的时空演变及驱动机制[D].兰州:兰州大学，2015:11-12
[5] BALDOCCHI D D. Assessing the eddy covariance technique for evaluating carbon dioxide exchange rates of ecosystems: past， present and future[J].Global Change Biology，2003，9（4）:479-492
[6] GÖCKEDE M， FOKEN T， AUBINET M， et al. Quality control of CarboEurope flux data–Part 1: Coupling footprint analyses with flux data quality assessment to evaluate sites in forest ecosystems[J].Biogeosciences， 2008，5（2）:433-450
[7] XIAO J， ZHUANG Q， LAW B E， et al. A continuous measure of gross primary production for the conterminous United States derived from MODIS and AmeriFlux data[J].Remote sensing of environment，2010，114（3）:576-591
[8] XIAO J， ZHUANG Q， LAW B E， et al. Assessing net ecosystem carbon exchange of US terrestrial ecosystems by integrating eddy covariance flux measurements and satellite observations[J].Agricultural and Forest meteorology，2011，151（1）:60-69
[9] PIAO S， TAN K， NAN H， et al. Impacts of climate and CO₂ changes on the vegetation growth and carbon balance of Qinghai–Tibetan grasslands over the past five decades[J].Global and Planetary Change，2012，98: 73-80
[10] CAO M， TAO B， Li K， et al. Interannual variation in terrestrial ecosystem carbon fluxes in China from 1981 to 1998[J].Journal of Integrative Plant Biology，2003，45（5）:552-560
[11] 李洁，张远东，顾峰雪，等.中国东北地区近50年净生态系统生产力的时空动态[J].生态学报，2014，34（6）:1490-1502
[12] ZUO C， WANG J， ZHANG X， et al. Drought will constrain ongoing increase in net ecosystem productivity under future climate warming over alpine grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau， China[J].Ecological Indicators，2023，154:110823
[13] 梅晓丹. Biome--BGC模型参数优化及东北森林碳通量估算研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学，2017:17-18
[14] YU L， GU F， HUANG M， et al. Impacts of 1.5 ℃ and 2 ℃ global warming on net primary productivity and carbon balance in China’s terrestrial ecosystems[J].Sustainability，2020，12（7）:2849
[15] YANG H， WU M， LIU W， et al. Community structure and composition in response to climate change in a temperate steppe[J].Global Change Biology，2011，17（1）:452-465
[16] 刘洋洋，任涵玉，周荣磊，等.中国草地生态系统服务价值估算及其动态分析[J].草地学报，2021，29（7）:1522-1532
[17] BAI Y F， HAN X G， WU J G， et al. Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland[J].Nature，2004，431（7005）:181-184
[18] 巩杰，张影，钱彩云.甘肃白龙江流域净生态系统生产力时空变化[J].生态学报， 2017， 37（15）:5121-5128
[19] 周怡婷，严俊霞，刘菊，等.2000—2021年黄土高原生态分区NEP时空变化及其驱动因子[J].环境科学，2024，45（5）:2806-2816
[20] AHLSTRÖM A， RAUPACH M R， SCHURGERS G， et al. The dominant role of semi-arid ecosystems in the trend and variability of the land CO₂ sink[J].Science，2015，348（6237）:895-899
[21] FOLEY J A， PRENTICE I C， RAMANKUTTY N， et al. An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes， terrestrial carbon balance， and vegetation dynamics[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles，1996，10（4）:603-628
[22] KUCHARIK C J， FOLEY J A， DELIRE C， et al. Testing the performance of a dynamic global ecosystem model: water balance， carbon balance， and vegetation structure[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles，2000，14（3）:795-825
[23] MAAYAR M EL， PRICE D T， BLACK T A， et al. Sensitivity tests of the integrated biosphere simulator to soil and vegetation characteristics in a Pacific coastal coniferous forest[J].Atmosphere-Ocean，2002，40（3）:313-332
[24] LI K Y， COE M T， RAMANKUTTY N. Regional hydrological modeling in Africa: Calibration and performance test of IBIS[C].EGS-AGU-EUG Joint Assembly.2003:13006
[25] 师尚礼.甘肃省天然草地植物种质资源潜势分析与保护利用[J].草业科学，2003，20（5）:1-3
[26] 何国兴，柳小妮，张德罡，等.甘肃省草地NPP时空变化及对气候因子的响应[J].草地学报，2021，29（4）:788-797
[27] 李霞，潘冬荣，孙斌，等.甘肃省草地退化概况分析——基于甘肃省第一、二次草原普查数据[J].草业科学，2022，39（3）:485-494
[28] 韩天虎，孙斌，张贞明，等.甘肃草原资源与生态监测预警体系建设思考[J].草原与草坪，2009，29（2）:73-76，81
[29] POLLARD D， THOMPSON S L. Use of a land-surface-transfer scheme （LSX） in a global climate model: the response to doubling stomatal resistance[J].Global and Planetary Change，1995，10（1-4）:129-161
[30] BONAN G B. Land-atmosphere interactions for climate system models: coupling biophysical， biogeochemical， and ecosystem dynamical processes[J].Remote Sensing of Environment，1995，51（1）:57-73
[31] COLLATZ G J， BALL J T， GRIVET C， et al. Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance， photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，1991，54（2-4）:107-136
[32] FARQUHAR G D， VON CAEMMERER S， BERRY J A. A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO₂ assimilation in leaves of C3 species[J].Planta，1980，149:78-90
[33] 冷蓉.基于IBIS模型的气候变化下川西高原草地碳平衡模拟与预估研究[D].成都:四川师范大学，2021:13-17
[34] HUTCHINSON M F， GESSLER P E. Splines—more than just a smooth interpolator[J].Geoderma，1994，62（1-3）:45-67
[35] 徐新良，刘纪远，张树文，等. 中国多时期土地利用遥感监测数据集（CNLUCC）[EB/OL]. https://www.resdc.cn/DOI/DOI.aspx?DOIID=54.2018-07-02/2025-03-30
[36] 王同红，王旭峰，张松林，等.寒旱区内陆河流域碳通量年际变化控制机制[J].地球科学，2024，49（5）:1907-1919
[37] ZHANG X， BI J， ZHU D， et al. Seasonal variation of net ecosystem carbon exchange and gross primary production over a Loess Plateau semi-arid grassland of northwest China[J].Scientific Reports，2024，14（1）:2916
[38] 马景永，赵长明，张金贵，等.2019–2021 年黄土高原典型粮草复合生态系统日通量数据集[J].中国科学数据（中英文网络版），2023，8（4）: 142-151
[39] ZHANG K， PENG C， ZHU Q， et al. Estimating natural nitrous oxide emissions from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau using a process-based model: Historical spatiotemporal patterns and future trends[J].Ecological Modelling，2022，466:109902
[40] 李晓娟，张美玲，曹瑞红，等.基于CENTURY模型的甘肃草地固碳潜力对气候因子和二氧化碳浓度升高的响应[J].国土与自然资源研究，2023（5）:79-83
[41] PARTON W， MORGAN J， SMITH D， et al. Impact of precipitation dynamics on net ecosystem productivity[J].Global Change Biology，2012，18（3）:915-927
[42] WANG M， ZHAO J， WANG S， et al. Regional contributions and climate attributions to interannual variation of global net ecosystems production by an ECOSYSTEM processed model driven by remote sensing data over the past 35 years[J].Remote Sensing，2022，14（13）:3208
[43] ZHANG L， GUO H， JIA G， et al. Net ecosystem productivity of temperate grasslands in northern China: An upscaling study[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology，2014，184: 71-81
[44] WANG H， CHEN A， WANG Q， et al. Drought dynamics and impacts on vegetation in China from 1982 to 2011[J].Ecological Engineering，2015，75:303-307
[45] FLANAGAN L B， WEVER L A， CARLSON P J. Seasonal and interannual variation in carbon dioxide exchange and carbon balance in a northern temperate grassland[J].Global Change Biology，2002，8（7）:599-615
[46] HARPER C W， BLAIR J M， FAY P A， et al. Increased rainfall variability and reduced rainfall amount decreases soil CO₂ flux in a grassland ecosystem[J].Global Change Biology，2005，11（2）:322-334
[47] PATRICK L， CABLE J， POTTS D， et al. Effects of an increase in summer precipitation on leaf， soil， and ecosystem fluxes of CO₂ and H₂O in a sotol grassland in Big Bend National Park， Texas[J]. Oecologia，2007，151:704-718
[48] ZHANG R， ZHAO X， ZUO X， et al. Impacts of precipitation on ecosystem carbon fluxes in desert‐grasslands in Inner Mongolia， China[J].Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres，2019，124（3）:1266-1276
[49] MAESTRE F T， DELGADO-BAQUERIZO M， JEFFRIES T C， et al. Increasing aridity reduces soil microbial diversity and abundance in global drylands[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，2015，112（51）:15684-15689
[50] AIRES L M I， PIO C A， PEREIRA J S. Carbon dioxide exchange above a Mediterranean C3/C4 grassland during two climatologically contrasting years[J].Global Change Biology，2008，14（3）:539-555
[51] ZHANG B， TAN X， WANG S， et al. Asymmetric sensitivity of ecosystem carbon and water processes in response to precipitation change in a semi-arid steppe[J].Functional Ecology，2017，31（6）:1301-1311
[52] LIU Z， CHEN Z， YU G， et al. The role of climate， vegetation， and soil factors on carbon fluxes in Chinese drylands[J].Frontiers in Plant Science，2023，14:1060066
[53] LIANG J， XIA J， LIU L， et al. Global patterns of the responses of leaf-level photosynthesis and respiration in terrestrial plants to experimental warming[J].Journal of Plant Ecology，2013，6（6）:437-447
[54] LIN D， XIA J， WAN S. Climate warming and biomass accumulation of terrestrial plants: a meta‐analysis[J].New Phytologist，2010，188（1）:187-198
[55] ZHANG W， CONG S， LIU Z， et al. Divergent responses of carbon fluxes to elevated temperature and precipitation: A meta-analysis in North Hemisphere grassland ecosystems[J].Global Ecology and Conservation，2024，56:e03289.
[56] 张晓琳，翟鹏辉，黄建辉.降水和氮沉降对草地生态系统碳循环影响研究进展[J].草地学报，2018，26（2）: 284-288
[57] WELKER J M， FAHNESTOCK J T， HENRY G H R， et al. CO₂ exchange in three Canadian High Arctic ecosystems: Response to long-term experimental warming[J].Global Change Biology，2004，10（12）:1981-1995
[58] ZHOU X， WAN S， LUO Y. Source components and interannual variability of soil CO₂ efflux under experimental warming and clipping in a grassland ecosystem[J].Global Change Biology，2007，13（4）:761-775
[59] RAMMIG A， JONAS T， ZIMMERMANN N E， et al. Changes in alpine plant growth under future climate conditions[J].Biogeosciences，2010，7（6）:2013-2024
[60] LI X， YAN Y， LU X， et al. Responses of soil bacterial communities to precipitation change in the semi-arid alpine grassland of Northern Tibet[J].Frontiers in Plant Science，2022，13:1036369
[61] 刘丽萍，郑健，鲍婷婷，等.基于CMIP6的甘肃省不同气候分区未来干旱演变预估[J].人民黄河，2024，46（7）:124-130，137

Simulation of the Spatio-temporal Patterns of Carbon Source/Sink of Grassland Ecosystem in Gansu Province

甘肃省草地生态系统碳源/汇时空格局模拟

PDF

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LIU Chang, CHEN Ji-shan, ZHU Rui-fen, SUN Wan-bin, YAO Bo, DONG Shui-kui. Meta-analysis of the Impacts of Nitrogen Addition on Biomass and Soil Organic Carbon Content of China Grasslands [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(7): 2078-2089.
[2]	TA Wen-yan, LIU Ya-li, ZHANG Jing, LI Yao-ming, MAIMAITIYIMING Gu-linuer, JI Bao-ming. Soil Conservation Service Assessment and Risk Management of Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(7): 2333-2344.
[3]	WANG Ya-fei, YANG Jie, ZHOU Jie. Visualization Analysis of Grassland Ecosystem Researches Using CiteSpace Based on the CNKI Database [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(5): 1639-1647.
[4]	WANG Jiang, CAO Sheng-kui, LIU Zhen-mei, LEI Yi-zhen, HOU Yao-fang. Dynamic Research on the Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Carbon Sinks in the Ecosystems of the Qinghai Lake Basin [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(3): 936-947.
[5]	LIANG Wen-jun, GUANG Rui-lin, WANG Ge, WU Shuai-kai, GAO Yang-yang, HAO Jie, DIAO Hua-jie, WANG Chang-hui, SU Yuan, DONG Kuan-hu. Response of Plant-soil Trace Elements to Nitrogen Addition in Salinized Grassland in Northern Shanxi [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2025, 33(2): 498-506.
[6]	XU Heng-kang, LU Hui, LIU Hao, CHEN Chao, PANG Zhuo, ZHANG Guo-fang, LIU Ya-li, KAN Hai-ming. Research Trends and focus Areas on the Global Grassland Carbon Sink—A Bibliometric Analysis for 1992—2022 [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(7): 2169-2178.
[7]	ZHANG Ting, ZHU Xiao-peng, XU Hai-yan, WU Xiao-dong, LIU Gui-min, GAN Zi-peng, MAO Nan, LI Li-sha, XUE Shou-ye, KANG Guo-hui, SHU Qiu-li, CHEN Zhuo. Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Dominant Species in the Grassland Ecosystem of Qilian Mountains During Growing Season [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(6): 1810-1818.
[8]	ZHANG Yi-ran, ZHAO Yi-yang, NI Yi-ping, ZHANG Ya-nan, DING Yong, LIU Li. Challenges and Actions for the Improvement of Grassland Carbon Sink Function in China [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(4): 987-994.
[9]	CHEN Xiao-long, ZHANG Hao-dong, ZHAO Yuan-feng. Research on the Path of High-Quality Development of Grassland Insurance-Based on Field Research in Inner Mongolia [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(3): 907-917.
[10]	YUAN Shu-ya, HE Jing, SU De-rong. Advances in the Effects of Precipitation Pattern Change and Grazing on Soil Phosphorus Conversion in Grassland [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(1): 25-36.
[11]	ZHANG Ye, LIU Xin-mei, FAN Yue, ZHANG Wei-wei, WU Ju-ying, WANG Dong-li, ZOU Jun-liang. Effects of Warming and Litter Removal on Soil Respiration in Artificial Grasslands [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2024, 32(1): 248-260.
[12]	SU Shu-lan, JI Hai-juan, ZHANG Dong, ZHANG Shuai-qi, LI Xiao-dong, SU Wen-jiang. Characteristics of Water Use Efficiency and its Influencing Factors of Grassland Ecosystem in Qinghai Province [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(9): 2814-2825.
[13]	ZHAO Jin-long, LIU Yong-jie, HAN Feng-ze. Considerations on the Carbon Sink Enhancement in Grasslands for the Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Targets [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(5): 1273-1280.
[14]	DING Ding, REN Liang. The Value Realization System of Grassland Ecological Products was Established Based on The Externality Theory [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(5): 1539-1545.
[15]	ZHANG Xue, ZHANG Chun-ping, YANG Xiao-xia, LIU Wen-ting, YU Yang, CAO Quan, LIU Yu-zhen, LI Cai-di, GAO Jie, DONG Quan-min. Effects of Biological Soil Crusts on Soil Nutrient and Enzyme Activities in Grassland and Desert Ecosystems [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2023, 31(3): 632-640.