Abstract: Natural grassland is the largest vegetation type according to land area in the watershed of the middle and upper reaches of Yellow River, which has been formed through a long time by succession and adapted those areas during recent decades due to lack management and over reclamation, over grazing and other exploited uses has desturbed the natural grassland badly and caused serious soil erosicon and desertification which formed a sorrow of China. For control of soil erosian desertification and restoration the natural enviroment. We must conserve grassland and improve its coverage which will play a key role for contral of soil erosian and desertification, ecological environmental recurstruction and austainable developement of economy of that watershed, and can not be insteaded by other practices.

Key words: Natural grasland, Soil erosion deaertification, Ecological environmental recurstruction, Sustainble development

摘要： 天然草原是黄河上中游流域面积最大的土地类型。长期以来,天然草原因疏于管理与保护而被不断开垦,加之掠夺式放牧利用,导致生产力严重下降,土壤侵蚀和荒漠化面积逐渐扩大,生态环境日益恶化,业已成为华夏心腹之患。天然草原是黄河上中游地带性植被,经过长期的演化和演替,而适应当地干旱与高寒的严酷生境,对于治理流域内水土流失和荒漠化有着不可替代的作用。因此,改良与提高天然草原的植被盖度,维护和改善天然草原的生态环境,实施可持续利用的建设措施,已成为综合治理黄河上中游流域生态环境,防治水土流失和荒漠化的关键。

关键词: 天然草原, 黄河, 水土流失, 荒漠化, 水土保持