Abstract:

Affected by the climate changes and human activities, the ecosystem of Sanjiangyuan region has been seriously degraded and fragmented. Herdsman's perception about environment degradation in grasslands will greatly affect local ecological security; the herdsman's unreasonable means of livelihood may be play a very important role in environment degradation. This paper divided herdsman's perception about grassland environmental degradation into eight indexes, i.e. plant coverage, plant height, biodiversity index, rampant rats, black beach phenomenon, desertification, soil erosion, percentages of Oxytropis and Artemisia plants. Based on these comprehensive perception indexes and the structural equation model,the local herdsman's perception about grassland environment degradation were quantitatively analyzed in the seven counties of Guoluo State, Huangnan State and Yushu State in Sanjiangyuan region. The results showed that herdsmen did not completely feel these adverse indexes of environment degradation, although their perceptions in tangible expression such as rampant rats and black beach phenomenon were well established. Yushu State was the lightly degraded area and the herdsman had less perception about environment degradation. Zeku county was the small range of mild continuous degraded area, the herdsman had the highest perception of livelihoods. Therefore, the diversification of herdsman's livelihoods had a direct impact on the perception about grassland environment situations. The livelihood assets and the livelihood capacity of herdsman were the most important factors of perception about grassland environmental degradation; the limited livelihoods of the herdsman should be fundamentally solved by optimizing their livelihoods and emphasizing the environmental education. In order to improve the wellbeing of local herdsman, the conservation strategies and management planning of grasslands should be formulated with an emphasis on improving both human livelihood and environmental protection.

Key words: Herdsman, Perception about grassland ecological environment degraded, Structural equation modeling, Livelihood, Sanjiangyuan region

摘要：

三江源草地生态环境退化严重,牧户对生态环境退化的感知在很大程度上影响着当地的生态安全,更是产生保护行为响应的前提。通过对青海三江源自然保护区的牧户进行参与式结构问卷调查研究,将草地生态环境的退化感知细化为覆盖度下降、植株矮化、生物多样性下降、鼠害猖獗、黑土滩/荒漠化加剧、群落演替、草地生产能力下降、毒草和杂草增多等8个指标,借助定量分析建立了牧户草地生态环境退化综合感知指数,并运用结构方程模型分析和探讨了影响牧户环境退化感知的主要影响因素。结果表明:牧户对三江源区草地生态环境退化有一定程度的感知,但仅仅对较明显的退化结果有略高的认知。牧户拥有的生计多样化能力直接影响了他们对草地生态环境退化的感知,故从根本上解决三江源区牧民的严重依赖草地生态环境而生存的单一化的生计问题,通过优化和丰富牧民的生计方式来影响和调控当地草地生态环境退化趋势,认识环保知识在宗教信仰、日常环境教育宣传中的重要性,有效地加大环境保护和生态安全知识的宣传力度,在改善牧户生计问题的基础上制定牧户认同和支持的自然资源管理规划和政策,才有可能激励牧户主动地参与生态环境保护,并最终实现牧户生活幸福—自然资源可持续利用的良性循环。

关键词: 牧户, 草地生态退化感知, 结构方程模型, 生计, 三江源