Abstract: In order to explore the morphological characteristics and ecological adaptability of wild Elymus sibiricus. germplasm resources in different regions of Xinjiang,14 species of Elymus sibiricus were used as materials to track the dynamic changes of plant height,the correlation between growth rate and environmental factors was analyzed,the coefficient of variation of 20 quantitative traits was counted,and 27 phenotypic traits were clustered and principal component analysis in Hutubi experimental area of Xinjiang.The results showed that the ecological width and plasticity of Hami and Yili were strong,while the germplasm ecological amplitude of Altay and Bole region was relatively narrow;According to the dynamic changes of plant height,14 germplasm were classified into three growth types:early,middle and late stage;The larger coefficient of variation of quantitative characters was the length of flag leaf to panicle base and the first internode length of ear axis;Cluster analysis divided 14 germplasm into 5 groups. Group 1 and group 3 had excellent characteristics such as reproductive branch length,grass layer height,leaf length and width,and more spikelets.The cumulative contribution rate of the first seven principal components was 89.16%,in which the first principal component was closely related to seed yield,the second principal component was related to forage yield.The results can provide a theoretical basis for domestication and breeding of wild Elymus sibiricus in Xinjiang.

Key words: Elymus sibiricus, Xinjiang, Phenotypic traits, Cluster analysis, Principal component analysis

摘要： 为了探究新疆不同区域野生老芒麦(Elymus sibiricus)种质资源的形态特征及生态适应性,本研究在新疆呼图壁试验区,以14份老芒麦为材料,跟踪其株高动态变化,分析生长速率与试验区环境因子的相关性,统计20个数量性状的变异系数,并对27个表型性状进行聚类和主成分分析。结果表明:哈密和伊犁地区老芒麦的生态幅宽、可塑性强,而阿勒泰和博乐地区种质生态幅相对较窄;按照株高动态变化将14份种质归为早、中、晚期3种生长类型;数量性状变异系数较大的是蜡熟期旗叶至穗基部长度和穗轴第1节间长;聚类分析将14份种质划分成5组,第1组和第3组具有生殖枝长、草层高、叶片长且宽、小穗数多等优良特性。前7个主成分的累计贡献率为89.16%,其中第1主成分与种子产量的关系密切,第2主成分与牧草产量存在相关性。本研究结果可为新疆野生老芒麦的驯化栽培与品种选育提供理论基础。

关键词: 老芒麦, 新疆, 表型性状, 聚类分析, 主成分分析