Abstract: The soil carbon cycle constitutes the core of the global carbon cycle， governing the carbon sink function of terrestrial ecosystems. As key driving factors， nitrogen and phosphorus additions regulate the balance between soil carbon sequestration and release by altering the transformation processes of soil carbon fractions and microbial community activities. Based on CiteSpace bibliometric analysis， this study systematically reviewed global research progress over the past decades. Results indicated that the number of studies were growing exponentially， with research hotspots focusing on： the dynamics of labile and stable carbon fractions in soils， metabolic responses of microbial functional communities， and the nonlinear equilibrium of carbon input-output fluxes. While domestic research had made significant contributions to regional differential response mechanisms and micro-scale analysis of microbial-carbon coupling processes， shortcomings persisted in experimental designs for multi-factor interactions and the integration of long-term observational data. Future research should prioritize breakthroughs in long-term in-situ controlled experiments to elucidate the coupling mechanisms between nitrogen-phosphorus stoichiometry and carbon component transformation， and achieve precision prediction of carbon turnover through model-data fusion. This study provides a theoretical framework for quantitatively evaluating the carbon sequestration potential of grassland ecosystems under anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus input， and has guiding significance for the adaptive management of ecosystems under the goal of “Double Carbon”.

Key words: Grassland, Carbon cycle, Nitrogen and phosphorus addition, CiteSpace

摘要： 土壤碳循环是全球碳循环的核心，影响着陆地生态系统的碳汇功能。作为关键驱动因子，氮磷添加通过改变土壤碳组分转化过程与微生物群落活性，调控土壤碳固存与释放的平衡。本文基于CiteSpace文献计量法，系统分析了近10年国内外的研究进展。结果表明：研究数量呈指数增长，热点聚焦于土壤活性与稳定性碳组分动态、微生物功能群落的代谢响应以及碳输入-输出通量的非线性平衡；国内研究在区域差异化响应机制和微生物-碳耦合过程的微观解析方面贡献突出，但在多因子交互实验设计与长期观测数据整合上存在不足。未来研究需突破长时间序列原位控制实验，阐明氮磷化学计量比与碳组分转化的耦联机制，并基于模型-数据融合实现碳周转的精准预测。本研究为定量评估草地生态系统在人为氮磷输入下的碳汇潜力提供了理论框架，对实现“双碳”目标下的生态系统适应性管理具有指导意义。

关键词: 草地生态系统, 碳循环, 氮磷添加, CiteSpace