Alternating Freeze-Thaw Accelerates the Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen in the Pad-like Vegetation Ecosystem of the Periglacial Zone

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.002

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1976-1989.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.06.002

Alternating Freeze-Thaw Accelerates the Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen in the Pad-like Vegetation Ecosystem of the Periglacial Zone

ZHANG Yong-zhi¹, CHEN Zhe^1,2,3, CHEN Ji-gui⁴, MA Ai-hui¹, CHEN Yu¹, TANG Zun-yan¹, WANG Shi-xiong^1,2,3, GUAN Jin-hong^1,2,3, WANG Wen-ying^1,2,3, ZHOU Hua-kun⁵, XIE Hui-chun^1,2,3, GUO Zhi-ying⁴, JIN Yan-xia¹, YUN Shi-ming¹

1. College of Life Sciences/Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
2. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
3. Qinghai Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Formation Mechanism and Comprehensive Utilization of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
4. Menyuan County's Grassland Station, Haibei, Qinghai Province 810300, China;
5. Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology for Cold Regions, Xining, Qinghai Province 810008, China

Received:2025-11-23 Revised:2025-12-31 Published:2026-06-02

冻融交替加速冰缘带垫状植被生态系统氮素气态损失

张永智¹, 陈哲^1,2,3, 陈季贵⁴, 马瑷珲¹, 陈裕¹, 唐遵严¹, 王世雄^1,2,3, 关晋宏^1,2,3, 王文颖^1,2,3, 周华坤⁵, 谢惠春^1,2,3, 郭志英⁴, 金艳霞¹, 云世明¹

1. 青海师范大学生命科学学院/青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016;
2. 高原科学与可持续发展研究院, 青海西宁 810016;
3. 青海省青藏高原生物多样性形成机制与综合利用重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016;
4. 青海省海北州门源县草原站, 青海海北州 810300;
5. 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所青海省寒区恢复生态学重点实验室, 青海西宁 810008

通讯作者: 陈哲,E-mail:chenzhe@qhnu.edu.cn
作者简介:张永智(1999-),男,汉族,甘肃武威人,硕士研究生,主要从事高寒草地生态系统生态学研究,E-mail:1061611658@qq.com
基金资助:
青海省自然科学基金（2024-ZJ-707）；国家自然科学基金（32260288）；国家重点研发计划（2023YFF1304300）资助

Abstract

Abstract: To investigate whether seasonal freeze-thaw promotes the emission of nitrous oxide （N₂O） and accelerates the gaseous loss of nitrogen in the talus plateau vegetation ecosystem， this study focused on the grassland （Thylacospermum caespitosum） pad vegetation at an altitude of 4000-4400 m on the Gangshigacha snow peak in the eastern part of the Qilian Mountains. The soil （0-30 cm） temperature， humidity， nutrient dynamic characteristics， and N₂O flux were monitored continuously for two years. The results showed that the soil experienced approximately 70 daily freeze-thaw cycles throughout the year， divided into four periods： unstable thawing period （25 times）， stable thawing period， unstable freezing period （45 times）， and stable freezing period. For every 100-meter increase in altitude， the average start and end time of soil freeze-thaw was delayed or advanced by 3.88 days. The N₂O emission was the most significant during the unstable thawing period （accounting for only 5.5%-6.8% of the entire year）， with a cumulative emission （225.97 g·hm^-2） accounting for 35.88% of the annual total， a maximum emission rate of 24.52 μg·m^-2·h^-1， an average flux of 13.63 μg·m^-2·h^-1， which was 1.39 times the annual average， and the cumulative emission during the non-growing seasons （excluding the stable thawing period） accounted for as high as 74.09%. The emission was dominated by soil water and heat， pH， and substrate scarcity， leading to low production. Under climate warming， the freeze-thaw driven nitrogen gas loss of N₂O in the ice margin zone intensified， and further research on the water and heat conditions and nitrogen transformation mechanism is needed.

Key words: Climate change, Alpine periglacial zone, Cushion vegetation, Freeze-thaw action, Nitrous oxide

摘要： 为探究季节性冻融是否促进流石滩垫状植被生态系统氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放，并加速氮素气态损失，本研究以祁连山东部岗什卡雪峰海拔4000~4400 m囊种草（Thylacospermum caespitosum）垫状植被为研究对象，连续两年监测土壤（0~30 cm）温湿度、养分动态特征及N₂O通量。结果表明：土壤全年经历约70次昼夜冻融循环，主要分布在四个时期：不稳定融化期（25次）、稳定融化期、不稳定冻结期（45次）、稳定冻结期。海拔每升高100 m，土壤冻融起止时间平均推迟或提前3.88天。不稳定融化期（持续时间仅占全年5.5%~6.8%）N₂O排放最显著，累积排放量（225.97 g·hm^-2）占全年35.88%，最大排放速率达24.52 μg·m^-2·h^-1，平均通量（13.63 μg·m^-2·h^-1）是年均值的1.39倍，除稳定融化期外的非生长季N₂O累积排放量总占比高达74.09%。排放受土壤水热、pH值主导，底物匮乏致生产量偏低。气候变暖下，冻融驱动冰缘带N₂O氮素气态损失加剧，需深入研究水热条件与氮转化机制。

关键词: 气候变化, 高山冰缘带, 垫状植被, 冻融作用, 氧化亚氮

CLC Number:

S812

ZHANG Yong-zhi, CHEN Zhe, CHEN Ji-gui, MA Ai-hui, CHEN Yu, TANG Zun-yan, WANG Shi-xiong, GUAN Jin-hong, WANG Wen-ying, ZHOU Hua-kun, XIE Hui-chun, GUO Zhi-ying, JIN Yan-xia, YUN Shi-ming. Alternating Freeze-Thaw Accelerates the Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen in the Pad-like Vegetation Ecosystem of the Periglacial Zone[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(6): 1976-1989.

张永智, 陈哲, 陈季贵, 马瑷珲, 陈裕, 唐遵严, 王世雄, 关晋宏, 王文颖, 周华坤, 谢惠春, 郭志英, 金艳霞, 云世明. 冻融交替加速冰缘带垫状植被生态系统氮素气态损失[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(6): 1976-1989.

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Alternating Freeze-Thaw Accelerates the Gaseous Loss of Nitrogen in the Pad-like Vegetation Ecosystem of the Periglacial Zone

冻融交替加速冰缘带垫状植被生态系统氮素气态损失

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