草地学报

›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 20-25.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2011.01.004

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

行间种不同草后对幼龄苹果树光合特性的影响

杨文权1, 寇建村2, 韩明玉3   

  1. 1. 西北农林科技大学生命科学学院, 陕西, 杨凌, 712100;
    2. 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 陕西, 杨凌, 712100;
    3. 西北农林科技大学园艺学院, 陕西, 杨凌, 712100
  • 收稿日期:2010-03-22 修回日期:2010-12-10 出版日期:2011-02-15 发布日期:2011-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 韩明玉,E-mail:hanmy@nwsuaf.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨文权(1975- ),男,陕西扶风人,讲师,博士研究生,主要从事植物学方面的教学和科研工作,E-mail:wenquan05@sina.com;
  • 基金资助:
    农业部公益性行业计划项目(nyhyzx07-024),农业部948项目(2006-G28);国家苹果产业技体系;西北农林科技大学博士科研启动经费(22050205)资助

Effects of the Orchard-planted Grasses on the 1-year-old Apple Photosynthesis Characteristics

YANG Wen-quan1, KOU Jian-cun2, HAN Ming-yu3   

  1. 1. College of Life Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
    3. College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
  • Received:2010-03-22 Revised:2010-12-10 Online:2011-02-15 Published:2011-02-15

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摘要： 为了解果园种草后不同草种对苹果树光合特性的影响,于苹果园建植第1年春季,果树行间分别种植不同草种,以不种草为对照,在7月高温干旱时研究种草后对苹果树光合作用的影响。结果表明:除百脉根(Lotus corniculatus)外,种其他草后苹果树叶片净光合速率(Pn)均显著提高(P<0.05);百脉根、多年生黑麦草(Lolium pe-renne)和匍匐翦股颖(Agrostis stolonifera)对苹果树叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)无显著影响,而种其他草种后苹果树的Tr显著高于对照(P<0.05);种大部分草后使苹果树叶片气孔导度(Gs)显著升高(P<0.05);种狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)后,会使苹果树叶片胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)显著升高(P<0.05),其余种草处理均对苹果树Ci无显著影响;种草后,苹果树的水分利用效率(WUE)由高到低的顺序依次为:白三叶(Trifolium repens)>匍匐翦股颖>马蹄金(Dichondra repens)>草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)>多年生黑麦草>狗牙根>草地早熟禾+多年生黑麦草>高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)+草地早熟禾>红三叶(Trifolium pratense)=百脉根>紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)>对照,但只有50%与对照达显著差异(P<0.05)。说明果园种草后对苹果树光合特性的影响及程度与所生草种及其组合的不同有关,草种的选择是提高果园生草效益的重要环节。

关键词: 果园种草, 苹果树, 草种, 光合特性

Abstract: Planting grasses between fruit trees can improve the soil fertility,orchard micro-ecology,and the growth of the fruit trees.However,effects depend on grass species.Though the research of the photosynthesis characteristics can provide evidences of tree growth changes,these reports are not common.The effects of the grasses planted between the apple tree lines in the spring of the 1-year-old orchard on the photosynthesis characteristics was studied here in July.Trees without grasses between their lines were used as control.Results showed the photosynthetic rate(Pn) of all treatments except for Lotus corniculatus significantly increased(P<0.05).There was no significant change for the transpiration rate(Tr) of Lotus corniculatus,Lolium perenne and Agrostis stolonifera,wheras the Tr of others significant increased(P<0.05).The stomatal conductance(Gs) of the most treatments went up significantly(P<0.05).Internal CO2(Ci) for planting Cynodon dactylon treatment significantly increase(P<0.05).Consequently,planting the grasses made the water use efficiency(WUE) of the trees increased but only 50% treatments reached significant differences(P<0.05).The order of WUE is: Trifolium repens>Agrostis stolonifera>Dichondra repens>Poa pratensis>Lolium perenne>Cynodon dactylon>Poa pratensis + Lolium perenne>Festuca rubra + Poa pratensis>Trifolium pretense = Lotus corniculatus>Festuca rubra>control.In conclusion,the effects of the grasses on the photosynthesis characteristics varied among grass species and different combinations,so the selection of the grass species are the important factor to increase the efficiency of the grass-planted orchard.

Key words: Grass-planted orchard, Apple tree, Grass species, Photosynthesis characteristics

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