草地学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (3): 682-688.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2016.03.030

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    下一篇

追施氮肥对苏丹草农艺性状、种子产量及氮肥利用效率的影响

庞立东1, 李卫军2, 朱进忠2   

  1. 1. 中国农科院草原研究所, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010019;
    2. 新疆农业大学, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 收稿日期:2015-04-09 修回日期:2016-03-03 出版日期:2016-06-15 发布日期:2016-09-18
  • 通讯作者: 朱进忠
  • 作者简介:庞立东(1977-),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事草地生态及牧草栽培方面研究,E-mail:pang_stjcs@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    “国家牧草产业技术体系资助项目”(CARS-35-10)资助

Effects of Topdressing Nitrogen Fertilizer to Sudangrass in Agronomic Traits Seed Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

PANG Li-dong1, LI Wei-jun2, ZHU Jin-zhong2   

  1. 1. Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China;
    2. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China
  • Received:2015-04-09 Revised:2016-03-03 Online:2016-06-15 Published:2016-09-18

摘要:

以‘新苏2号’苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense ‘Xinsu No.2’)为试验材料,在拔节、抽穗和灌浆期以固定比例追施氮肥,研究追施氮肥对苏丹草农艺性状、种子产量、产量构成因素及氮肥利用效率的影响,结果表明,追施氮肥能够促进株高生长,增加叶片长度和宽度,减缓叶片衰老速度,提高叶面积指数。适量追施氮肥显著增加了苏丹草种子千粒重及一级穗柄数,并极大提高了每穗粒数,最终获得较高的种子产量,追氮600 kg·hm-2时可获最大种子产量3815 kg·hm-2。灌浆期随追氮量增加各器官全氮含量增加,追氮750 kg·hm-2时,茎秆和穗粒部全氮含量最高,追氮600 kg·hm-2时,叶片全氮含量最高,且同一追肥处理:穗粒部 >叶片 >茎秆;随追氮量增加,氮肥农学利用率以及氮肥利用效率呈下降趋势。综合考虑追施氮肥对苏丹草农艺性状、种子产量、产量构成因素及氮肥利用效率的表现情况认为,本试验条件下,追施氮肥600 kg·hm-2表现最优。

关键词: 苏丹草, 追施氮肥, 农艺性状, 种子产量构成, 氮肥利用率

Abstract:

Based on ‘Xinsu No.2’, a Sorghum Sudanese variety, a serial ratio of nitrogen fertilizer as topdressing in jointing, heading and filling stage were applied to analyze the relationship of different dose of nitrogen fertilizer with agronomic traits, seed yields, yield components and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in this study. The results showed as below, nitrogen fertilizer input as topdressing could increase the stem length, leaf length and width and leaf area index and decreased the speed of leaf senescence. On a suitable input level of nitrogen fertilizer as topdressing could increased the TKW(thousand kernel weight) and number of primary pedicel of ‘Xinsu No.2’ significantly and could increase the number of grains per ear on a extreme outstanding level, also induced the relatively higher seed yields, when the input dose of nitrogen fertilizer was 600 kg·ha-1, the seed yields could be up to 3815 kg·ha-1, the highest appearance in this study; during filling stage of sudangrass, the N contents of different organism in total plant were increased following the input increasing of nitrogen fertilizer. When the topdressing dose of nitrogen fertilizer was up to 750 kg·ha-1, the N content of stem and spike were on the highest level; when the topdressing dose of nitrogen fertilizer was up to 600 kg·ha-1, the N content of leaf was highest among other treatments. In anyone treatment, N content of different organism were sequenced as spike> leaf > stem; followed the input of nitrogen fertilizer increasing, the agronomic nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency showed a decrease trend. Compared to all the investigated agronomy traits and topdressing dose of nitrogen fertilizer overall, 600 kg·ha-1 was the most efficient input of nitrogen fertilizer in sudangrass cultivation in this study.

Key words: Sudangrass, Nitrogen fertilizer, Agronomic characteristic, Seed yield components, N use efficiency

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