草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 189-198.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.01.021

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

春季不同放牧强度对高寒草甸土壤氮利用的影响

随奇奇1, 尹亚丽1, 赵文1, 董怡玲1, 宋江琴1, 火久艳1, 郑文贤1, 李世雄1,2,3   

  1. 1. 青海大学, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室, 青海大学 青海 西宁 810016;
    3. 青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室, 青海大学 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-01 修回日期:2024-05-22 发布日期:2025-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 李世雄，E-mail：shixionglee@hotmail.com
  • 作者简介:随奇奇（1999-）,女,汉族,安徽太和人,硕士研究生,主要从事草地生态与环境保护研究,E-mail：2547977249@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省自然基金（2023-ZJ-921M）资助

Effects of Different Grazing Intensities on Soil Nitrogen Use in Alpine Meadow in Spring

SUI Qi-qi1, YIN Ya-li1, ZHAO Wen1, DONG Yi-ling1, SONG Jiang-qin1, HUO Jiu-yan1, ZHENG Wen-xian1, LI Shi-xiong1,2,3   

  1. 1. Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three-River-Source, Ministry of Education, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    3. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2024-04-01 Revised:2024-05-22 Published:2025-01-22

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摘要： 为探究春季（3—6月）不同放牧强度对高寒草甸土壤氮转化速率和氮利用的影响,以祁连山区高寒草甸为研究对象,通过牦牛和藏系羊交替放牧方法,调查分析了禁牧（CK）,轻度放牧（LG）,中度放牧（MG）,重度放牧（HG）,极重度放牧（SG）5个放牧强度下高寒草甸植被特征,土壤理化性质及土壤氮含量变化特征。结果表明：随着放牧强度增加植被盖度、高度、地上生物量和土壤含水量均呈降低趋势,地下生物量、土壤容重、紧实度和土壤温度增加；土壤全氮和铵态氮含量均在LG处理下最高,硝态氮整体呈下降趋势；不同放牧强度土壤净氮矿化速率、氨化速率和硝化速率均在LG处理下最高；土壤氮利用与植被特征和土壤性状冗余分析结果显示：土壤因子是氮利用的主要驱动因子。熵权-TOPSIS排序结果：土壤氮利用从高到低依次是LG>MG>HG>CK>SG。综上所述,在高寒草甸春季草场轻度放牧处理下土壤氮利用最高。

关键词: 春季放牧, 放牧强度, 转化速率, 土壤氮利用

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different grazing intensities on soil nitrogen conversion rate and nitrogen use in alpine meadow in spring （March to June）, the vegetation characteristics, soil physicochemical properties and soil nitrogen content change characteristics of alpine meadow under five grazing intensities, namely forbidden grazing （CK）, light grazing （LG）, moderate grazing （MG）, heavy grazing （HG） and Severely degraded grazing （SG）, were investigated and analyzed by alternating grazing methods of yak and Tibetan sheep. The results showed that with the increase of grazing intensity, vegetation coverage, height, aboveground biomass and soil water content decreased, while belowground biomass, soil bulk density, compactness and soil temperature increased. The contents of total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil were the highest under LG treatment, and the nitrate nitrogen showed a decreasing trend as a whole. The net nitrogen mineralization rate, ammonization rate and nitrification rate of soil with different grazing intensities were the highest under LG treatment. The redundancy analysis of soil nitrogen use and vegetation characteristics and soil traits showed that soil factors were the main driving factors of nitrogen use. The results of entropy weight-TOPSIS ranking showed that soil nitrogen use was LG>MG>HG>CK>SG. In conclusion, soil nitrogen use was the highest under the light grazing treatment of alpine meadow in spring.

Key words: Spring grazing, Grazing intensity, Conversion rate, Soil nitrogen utilization

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