草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 2765-2776.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.09.002

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国西部天然草原植物真菌病害调查研究

许玲玲1,2, 刘佳奇1,2, 龙嘉惠1, 薛龙海1,3, 李春杰1,2   

  1. 1. 兰州大学草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室/草地微生物研究中心/草地农业科技学院, 甘肃 兰州 730020;
    2. 中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所/草原中心, 北京 100091;
    3. 四川省农业科学院农业资源研究所, 四川 成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-14 修回日期:2025-01-20 出版日期:2025-09-15 发布日期:2025-09-22
  • 通讯作者: 薛龙海,E-mail:xuelonghai@lzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:许玲玲(1995-),女,汉族,宁夏银川人,博士研究生,主要从事草原植物病害、草地生态学研究,E-mail:xulingling95@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1401101);中国林业科学研究院基础科学研究专项基金(CAFYBB2021ZD001);甘肃省科技计划项目(23JRRA1058)资助

Investigation and Research on Plant Fungal Diseases of Natural Grassland in Western China

XU Ling-ling1,2, LIU Jia-qi1,2, LONG Jia-hui1, XUE Long-hai1,3, LI Chun-jie1,2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730020, China;
    2. Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Institute of Ecological Protection and Restoration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China;
    3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610066
  • Received:2024-12-14 Revised:2025-01-20 Online:2025-09-15 Published:2025-09-22

摘要: 为了解西部天然草原植物真菌病害的种类及分布特征,本研究于2021—2023年的7—9月,在甘肃、宁夏、四川典型草原区采集发病植株1728份,分离培养获得2717株真菌,结合形态学和ITS序列鉴定,筛选3株代表菌株通过多基因(RPB2/TUB2/TEF1)鉴定,并测定致病性。结果表明在科水平上最多的真菌为亚隔孢壳科(Didymellaceae)(704株),其次为暗球腔菌科(Phaeosphaeriaceae)(226株);在属水平上,DidymellaNeoascochytaParastagonospora真菌属具有广泛的寄主范围,分别占总体的7%,4%和4%;筛选出的3株代表性菌株MQ42,N25和N72分别为D. pomorumN. cylindrisporaP. nodorum,其中P. nodorum致病力最强;还发现了全球草原植物病害寄主新记录28种。本研究完善了国内天然草原的真菌病害数据库,对促进我国天然草原生态系统的健康和可持续发展具有重要价值。

关键词: 天然草原, 真菌病害, 代表性菌株, 致病性

Abstract: In order to understand the species and distribution characteristics of fungal diseases in natural grassland in western China, this study collected 1728 diseased plants from typical grassland areas in Gansu, Ningxia and Sichuan from July to September in 2021-2023, 2717 fungal strains were isolated and cultured, and three representative strains were screened for multi-gene (RPB2/TUB2/TEF1) identification based on morphology and ITS sequence identification, and pathogenicity was determined. The results showed that the most abundant fungi at the family level were Didymellaceae, with a total of 704 strains, followed by Phaeosphaeriaceae with 226 strains; At the genus level, DidymellaNeoascochyta, and Parastagonospora had a wide host range, accounting for 7%, 4% and 4% of the total, respectively. Three representative strains MQ42, N25 and N72 were screened as D. pomorumN. cylindrispora and P. nodorum, respectively, with the strongest pathogenicity of P. nodorum. In addition, 28 new records of grassland plant diseases hosts were discovered worldwide. This study has improved the database of fungal diseases in natural grassland in China, which is of great value to promote the health and sustainable development of natural grassland ecosystems in western China.

Key words: Natural grassland, Fungal diseases, Representative strains, Pathogenicity

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