草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 3610-3620.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.11.013

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

5种饲草青贮质量及微生物多样性差异分析

王晓春1, 赵燕萍2, 杨天辉1, 孙文阳3, 梁小军1   

  1. 1. 宁夏农林科学院动物科学研究所, 宁夏 银川 750011;
    2. 宁夏大学生命科学学院, 宁夏 银川 750021;
    3. 宁夏职业技术学院, 宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-12 修回日期:2025-04-10 发布日期:2025-11-13
  • 通讯作者: 梁小军,E-mail:1092295523@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王晓春（1982-），女，汉族，宁夏吴忠人，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事牧草栽培与调制利用研究，E-mail：158851531@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“同心县肉牛小杂粮产业提质增效关键技术集成与示范”（2022YFD1602501）；宁夏回族自治区农业科技自主创新资金-农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目子课题“宁夏优质饲草品种引选及调制利用研究”（NGSB-2012-12-12）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-37）资助

Analysis of the Quality and Microbial Diversity of Five Forage Silages

WANG Xiao-chun1, ZHAO Yan-ping2, YANG Tian-hui1, SUN Wen-yang3, LIANG Xiao-jun1   

  1. 1. Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750011, China;
    2. College of Life Sciences, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;
    3. Ningxia Vocational and Technical College, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
  • Received:2024-11-12 Revised:2025-04-10 Published:2025-11-13

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摘要： 为了解不同饲草的青贮品质与微生物多样性差异，本研究设置青贮玉米（C组）、紫花苜蓿（M组）、甜高粱（S组）、巨菌草（P组）、饲草谷子（G组）5个鲜草处理组，青贮60 d后开袋，测定发酵参数、营养指标及微生物多样性。结果表明：C组的pH最低，乳酸含量最高，发酵品质最优。M组、P组、G组的pH在5.3~5.7间，且有较高含量丁酸产生，发酵品质差。S组的pH、乳酸含量及青贮品质低于C组，高于M组、P组、G组。16S rRNA基因测序显示，C组的细菌多样性最低，与其他4组差异较大。门水平，C组、M组、P组、G组的优势菌为厚壁菌（Firmicutes，77.92%、45.90%、48.02%、70.73%）与变形菌（Proteobacteria，18.14%、52.92%、47.89%、13.62%）。S组的为厚壁菌（81.05%）。属水平，优势菌C组的为乳杆菌（Lactobacillus，64.87%）。S组的为乳杆菌（52.15%）与魏斯氏菌（Weissella，18.76%）。P组的为乳杆菌（35.03%）、泛细菌（Pantoea，16.00%）、不动杆菌（Acinetobacter，14.15%）、魏斯氏菌（12.44%）等。M组的为肠球菌（Enterococcus，33.87%）、unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae（29.88%）、肠杆菌（Enterobacter，11.05%）等。G组的为Clostridium_sensu_stricto_12（25.01%）、乳球菌（Lactococcus，19.30%）、肠球菌（18.57%）等。综上可见，5种饲草的青贮质量不同，其青贮料的微生物组成与结构差异也较大。该研究结果可为饲草优质青贮料的生产提供理论依据。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 紫花苜蓿, 甜高粱, 巨菌草, 饲草谷子, 青贮, 高通量测序, 菌群结构

Abstract: To understand the differences in silage quality and microbial diversity among 5 forage silages， this study used silage corn （Group C）， alfalfa （Group M）， sweet sorghum （Group S）， giant fungus（Group P）， and forage millet （Group G） as raw materials to determine the fermentation parameters， nutritional indexes， and microbial diversity after 60 days. The results showed that Group C had the lowest pH and the highest lactic acid content with the best fermentation quality. The pH of Group M， Group P， and Group G was between 5.3 and 5.7， and there was a relatively high amount of butyric acid， indicating poor fermentation quality. The pH， lactic acid content， and silage quality of Group S were lower than those of Group C but higher than Group M， Group P， and Group G. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the bacterial diversity of Group C was the lowest， and significantly different from the other four groups. At the phylum level， the main dominant bacteria in the Groups C， M， P， and G was Firmicutes （77.92%， 45.90%， 48.02%， and 70.73%， respectively） and Proteobacteria （18.14%， 52.92%， 47.89%， and 13.62%， respectively）. The dominant bacteria in the Group S was Firmicutes （81.05%）. At the genus level， the main dominant bacteria in Group C was Lactobacillus （64.87%）. In Group S， they were Lactobacillus （52.15%） and Weissella （18.76%）. In Group P， they were Lactobacillus （35.03%）， Pantoea （16.00%）， Acinetobacter （14.15%）， and Weissella （12.44%）， etc. In Group M， they were Enterococcus （33.87%）， unclassified_f_Enterobacteriaceae （29.88%）， and Enterobacter （11.05%）， etc. In Group G， they were Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 （25.01%）， Lactococcus （19.30%）， Enterococcus （18.57%）， etc. In conclusion， the silage quality of five forages were different， and the microbial composition and structure of their silages were also completely different. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis for the production of high-quality silage from forages.

Key words: Silage corn, Alfalfa, Sweet sorghum, Gaint fungus, Forage millet, Silage, High-throughput sequencing, Microbial community structure

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