草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (2): 403-414.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.02.003

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

放牧强度对羊草草甸草原植物群落组成及生态位的影响

毕鑫1, 俞天琦2, 侍梦圆2, 辛晓平2, 张智涛1, 闫瑞瑞2, 韩国栋1   

  1. 1. 内蒙古农业大学草业学院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;
    2. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所, 北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14 修回日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2026-01-22
  • 通讯作者: 韩国栋,E-mail:nmghanguodong@163.com;闫瑞瑞,E-mail:yanruirui@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:毕鑫(2000-),女,汉族,内蒙古巴彦淖尔人,硕士研究生,主要从事草地资源生态与管理研究,E-mail:bxin@imau.edu.cn;
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然基金面上项目(32371781);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1300503);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132024003);内蒙古中央引导地方科技发展资金(2025ZY0018);内蒙古自治区科技“突围”工程“揭榜挂帅”项目(2025KJTW0025-03);呼伦贝尔市科技计划项目(SF2023007);内蒙古科技厅(2022PT0003);草学学科(YLXKZX-NND-001)资助

The Influences of Grazing Intensity on the Composition of Plant Communities and Ecological Niches in the Leymus chinensis Meadow Steppe

BI Xin1, YU Tian-qi2, SHI Meng-yuan2, XIN Xiao-ping2, ZHANG Zhi-tao1, YAN Rui-rui2, HAN Guo-dong1   

  1. 1. College of Grassland Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China;
    2. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received:2025-02-14 Revised:2025-03-28 Published:2026-01-22

摘要: 为探究羊草(Leymus chinensis)草甸草原不同放牧强度下植物群落物种多样性与生态位的变化与联结,为草地资源合理利用提供依据,本研究以不同放牧强度(禁牧作为对照组G0=0 cow.AU·hm-2,轻度放牧G1=0.23 cow.AU·hm-2,轻中度放牧G2=0.34 cow.AU·hm-2,中度放牧G3=0.46 cow.AU·hm-2,中重度放牧G4=0.69 cow.AU·hm-2,重度放牧G5=0.92 cow.AU·hm-2)下的羊草草甸草原植物群落为材料,通过植物群落调查,计算多样性指数及生态位指数。结果表明,随着放牧强度增加,多样性指数先升后降,在中度放牧达峰值;各处理物种重要值变化显著,羊草优势地位被寸草(Carex duriuscula)取代;重要值与生态位宽度正相关,并在轻中度放牧、中度放牧相关性最强;生态位重叠值先增后减,轻中度放牧、中度放牧种间竞争压力平稳。因此,根据物种生态位宽度与重叠值控制放牧家畜头数,进而使草地生态系统趋于稳定,有助于实现草地可持续利用。

关键词: 放牧强度, 物种多样性, 生态位宽度, 生态位重叠, 草甸草原

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the changes and linkages of plant community species diversity and niche under different grazing intensities in (Leymus chinensis) meadow steppe, providing a basis for rational utilization of grassland resources. Taking plant communities in Leymus chinensis meadow steppe under six grazing intensities, including no grazing (G0=0 cow.AU·hm-2), light grazing (G1=0.23 cow.AU·hm-2), light-moderate grazing (G2=0.34 cow.AU·hm-2), moderate grazing (G3=0.46 cow.AU·hm-2), moderate-heavy grazing (G4=0.69 cow.AU·hm-2), and heavy grazing (G5=0.92 cow.AU·hm-2), as research materials, we conducted plant community surveys and calculated diversity indices and niche indices. The results showed that diversity indices first increased and then decreased with increasing grazing intensity, peaking at moderate grazing. The species importance values changed significantly, where the dominant position of Leymus chinensis was replaced by Carex duriuscula as the important values gradually decreased. The importance value was positively correlated with niche breadth, and the correlation was the strongest under light-moderate grazing and moderate grazing. The niche overlap value first increased and then decreased, while the interspecific competition pressure remained stable under light-moderate grazing and moderate grazing. Therefore, controlling the number of grazing livestock based on the niche breadth and overlap value of species could help stabilize the grassland ecosystem and facilitate the sustainable utilization of grasslands.

Key words: Grazing intensity, Species diversity, Niche breadth, Niche overlap, Meadow steppe