草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 3537-3546.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.10.002

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

四倍体箭筈豌豆的诱导、鉴定及表型差异分析

吴子周1,2, 王红林1,2, 严旭1,2, 左艳春1,2, 袁正才1,2, 肖蔹3, 陈慧3, 舒燕3, 杜周和1,2   

  1. 1. 四川省农业科学院特种经济动植物研究所, 四川 南充 637000;
    2. 四川省农业科学院蚕业研究所/饲用作物 种质创新与利用南充市重点实验室, 四川 南充 637000;
    3. 南充市农业农村局, 四川 南充 637000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-12 修回日期:2026-01-11 发布日期:2026-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 杜周和, E-mail: duzhouhe@126.com
  • 作者简介:吴子周（1993-），男，汉族，河北肥乡人，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事饲用作物遗传育种研究，E-mail：wuzizhou@scsaas.cn
  • 基金资助:
    四川省农业科学院“10+9”自主创新拓展计划-乡土草野豌豆重要农艺性状评价及关键基因挖掘项目（“10+9”ZZCX-63）；四川省南充市推进乡村振兴科技创新专项（No.23XCZX0025）资助

Induction， Identification and Phenotypic Difference Analysis of Tetraploid Vicia sativa L.

WU Zi-zhou1,2, WANG Hong-lin1,2, YAN Xu1,2, ZUO Yan-chun1,2, YUAN Zheng-cai1,2, XIAO Lian3, CHEN Hui3, SHU Yan3, DU Zhou-he1,2   

  1. 1. Institute of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan Province 637000, China;
    2. Forage Crops Germplasm Innovation and Production Management Key Laboratory of Nanchong City, Sericulture Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan Province 637000, China;
    3. Nanchong Bureau of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Nanchong, Sichuan Province 637000, China
  • Received:2025-11-12 Revised:2026-01-11 Published:2026-10-10

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摘要： 为高效诱导箭筈豌豆（Vicia sativa L.）同源四倍体和明确最佳四倍体诱导条件，本研究以‘陇箭2号’为试验材料，采用不同梯度的秋水仙素浓度、处理时间和二甲亚砜（Dimethyl sulfoxide，DMSO）浓度对露白种子进行加倍处理。通过流式细胞术和根尖染色体制片鉴定倍性水平，并系统比较二倍体与同源四倍体植株的形态学差异。结果表明：（1）最佳四倍体诱导条件为25 mg·L-1秋水仙素溶液（含60 mL·L-1 DMSO）处理露白种子12 h，幼苗存活率达77.78%，四倍体诱导率为43.33%；（2）流式细胞术鉴定的四倍体细胞G0/G1期信号峰的荧光均值为二倍体的2倍；四倍体根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=4x=24，二倍体为2n=2x=12；（3）在调查的28个性状中，四倍体植株气孔密度、株高、总分枝数、单株种子数量和单株种子产量显著低于二倍体（P<0.05），与气孔、花粉粒、茎、叶、花、荚果和种子相关的其余23个性状均显著高于二倍体（P<0.05）。本研究为箭筈豌豆多倍体育种及多倍体功能基因组学研究提供了材料基础。

关键词: 箭筈豌豆, 秋水仙素, 四倍体诱导, 倍性鉴定, 表型差异

Abstract: In order to efficiently induce autotetraploids of Vicia sativa L. and clarify the optimal tetraploid induction conditions， this study used 'Longjian No.2’ as the experimental material. Seeds at the radicle emergence stage were treated with different concentrations of colchicine， treatment time， and dimethyl sulfoxide （DMSO） concentration for doubling. The ploidy levels were identified by flow cytometry and root tip chromosome preparation， and the morphological differences between diploid and autotetraploid plants were systematically compared. The results showed that： （1） the optimal tetraploid induction condition was to treat the germinated seeds with a 25 mg·L-1 colchicine solution （containing 60 mL·L-1 DMSO） for 12 hours， The seedling survival rate reached 77.78%， and the tetraploid induction rate was 43.33%； （2） the fluorescence mean value of the G0/G1 phase signal peak of tetraploid cells identified by flow cytometry was twice that of diploid cells； the chromosome number of tetraploid root tip cells was 2n=4x=24， while that of diploid cells was 2n=2x=12； （3） among the 28 investigated traits， the tetraploid plants exhibited significantly lower stomatal density， plant height， total branch number， seed number per plant， and seed yield per plant compared to the diploids （P<0.05）， while the remaining 23 traits related to stomata， pollen grain， stem， leaf， flower， pod， and seed were significantly higher than those of the diploids （P<0.05）. This study provides materials for polyploid breeding and polyploid functional genomics research of Vicia sativa L..

Key words: Vicia sativa L., Colchicine, Tetraploid induction, Ploidy identification, Phenotypic differences

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