关键词: 草畜平衡, 载畜量, 草原“三化”, 存栏量

Abstract: In view of the need for a better understanding of the concepts concerning grassland-livestock balance and the need to bridge the gap between theories and practices,this article addresses a few important concepts closely related to grassland and livestock balance and their application in practice.Grassland degradation,desertification and salinization,the so-called three grassland ills,are distinguished for their specific meaning and significance,and it is stressed that the grassland-livestock balance is essentially the human-grassland balance.The concepts in relation to determining the carrying capacity of grasslands and their practical problems are discussed with special reference to stocking rate calculation on the basis of calendar year and livestock year.Also addressed in the article are the theories and practices for improving livestock management in pastoral systems based on discussions of the optimal herd or flock structure,the stages of developing grassland-livestock system,rotational grazing,and seasonally-adjusted livestock systems.

Key words: Grassland-livestock balance, Carrying capacity, Three grassland ills:degradation,desertification,and salinization, Amount of livestock on hand