西藏那曲地区放牧草地营养和产量的季节性变化与西藏绒山羊采食喜好研究

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.01.014

草地学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 104-111.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.01.014

西藏那曲地区放牧草地营养和产量的季节性变化与西藏绒山羊采食喜好研究

童涛¹, 张开栋¹, 吴玉江², 索朗达², 巴贵², 杨芳³, 陈玉林¹, 杨雨鑫¹

1. 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
2. 西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 西藏拉萨 850009;
3. 安康学院现代农学与生物科技学院, 陕西安康 725000

收稿日期:2018-07-23 修回日期:2018-12-21 出版日期:2019-02-15 发布日期:2019-04-13
通讯作者: 杨雨鑫,E-mail:yangyuxin2002@126.com
作者简介:童涛(1993-),男,陕西安康人,硕士研究生,主要从事饲料资源开发与利用研究,E-mail:489660807@qq.com
基金资助:
国家绒毛用羊产业技术体系（CARS-39-12、CARS-39-32）资助

Seasonal Changes of Grazing Grassland Nutrition and Yields and Feeding Preferences of Tibetan Cashmere Goats in Nagqu Prefecture of Tibetan Plateau

TONG Tao¹, ZHANG Kai-dong¹, WU Yu-jiang², SUO-langda², YANG Fang², CHEN Yu-lin³, YANG Yu-xin¹

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
2. Institute of Animal Sciences, Tibet Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lhasa, Xizang Autonomous Region 850009, China;
3. Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi Province 712500, China

Received:2018-07-23 Revised:2018-12-21 Online:2019-02-15 Published:2019-04-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以西藏那曲地区的尼玛县天然放牧草地为对象，测定其牧草营养季节性变化、西藏绒山羊的采食喜好以及根据植被指数估算草地产量和载畜量。结果表明，牧草中的营养物质含量在季节间差异显著，粗蛋白含量（CP）和干物质（DM）重量随着季节的增长呈现着倒"V"字型的变化趋势，中性洗涤纤维（NDF）以及酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量变化趋势相反。西藏绒山羊对紫花针茅（Stipa purpurea）、二裂委陵菜（Potentilla bifurca）、木根香青（Anaphalis xylorrhiza）、聚头蓟（Cirsium souliei）和弱小火绒草（Leontopodium pusillum）等牧草在夏季的喜食程度与秋季相比有显著变化（P<0.05）。对喜食及嗜食的牧草种类与牧草的盖度总和显著相关（P<0.05）。高寒草甸草地的TM遥感影像提取的NDVI与草地鲜草量和生物量分别呈线性关系和对数关系，相关系数分别为0.8108和0.7970。研究结果还表明那曲地区全年都存在超载放牧现象。

关键词: 西藏绒山羊, 采食喜好, 牧草营养, 遥感, 载畜量

Abstract: This experiment was conducted in Nima County,Nagqu region,Tibet,to investigate the effects of seasonal changes on pasture nutrients and the feeding preferences of Tibetan cashmere goats,and estimate grassland yield and livestock carrying capacity. The results showed that the nutrient content in pasture showed regular changes with the seasons. The weight of crude protein (CP) and dry matter (DM) showed an inverted "V" shape with the increase of season,neutral,but the change in the content of detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was in verse. Compared with autumn,there was a significant change in the eating degree of Tibetan cashmere goats on forages such as Stipa purpurea,Potentilla bifurca, Anaphalis xylorrhiza, Cirsium souliei and Leontopodium pusillum in summer (P<0.05),which was significantly correlated with the total coverage of forage (P< 0.05). The NDVI extracted from the TM remote sensing image of alpine meadow grassland showed linear and logarithmic relationship with fresh grass biomass and biomass,and the correlation coefficients were 0.8108 and 0.7970,respectively. At the same time,it found that there was overgrazed throughout the year.

Key words: Tibetan cashmere goat, Feeding preferences, Forage nutrition, Remote sensing, Tibetan Plateau

中图分类号:

S812

童涛, 张开栋, 吴玉江, 索朗达, 巴贵, 杨芳, 陈玉林, 杨雨鑫. 西藏那曲地区放牧草地营养和产量的季节性变化与西藏绒山羊采食喜好研究[J]. 草地学报, 2019, 27(1): 104-111.

TONG Tao, ZHANG Kai-dong, WU Yu-jiang, SUO-langda, YANG Fang, CHEN Yu-lin, YANG Yu-xin. Seasonal Changes of Grazing Grassland Nutrition and Yields and Feeding Preferences of Tibetan Cashmere Goats in Nagqu Prefecture of Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(1): 104-111.

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西藏那曲地区放牧草地营养和产量的季节性变化与西藏绒山羊采食喜好研究

Seasonal Changes of Grazing Grassland Nutrition and Yields and Feeding Preferences of Tibetan Cashmere Goats in Nagqu Prefecture of Tibetan Plateau

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