草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (5): 1032-1040.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2016.05.016

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

播期对三种裸燕麦品种生长特性的影响

刘文辉1,2   

  1. 1. 青海大学, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 青藏高原优良牧草种质资源研究省级重点实验室 青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016
  • 收稿日期:2015-05-06 修回日期:2015-12-28 出版日期:2016-10-15 发布日期:2017-01-13
  • 作者简介:刘文辉(1979-),男,青海贵德人,博士研究生,副研究员,主要从事牧草栽培育种研究,E-mail:qhliuwenhui@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金（CARS-35-41）；农业部“青藏高原牧草种质资源保护利用”项目（070401）；青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项“青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室”（2014-Z-Y12，2015-Z-Y15）；青海省饲草产业科技创新平台建设资助

Effects of Planting Dates on the Growth Characteristics of Three Naked Oats Varieties

LIU Wen-hui1,2   

  1. 1. Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China
  • Received:2015-05-06 Revised:2015-12-28 Online:2016-10-15 Published:2017-01-13

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摘要：

为探讨高寒地区裸燕麦（Avena nuda）品种最佳播期，以‘青引3号’、‘白燕2号’和‘坝燕3号’3个裸燕麦品种为研究对象，在青海省湟中县（海拔2670 m）通过分期播种，对3个裸燕麦品种产量和生长特性进行了分析。结果表明：随着播期的推迟，3个裸燕麦品种全生育期缩短，总分蘖数、大蘖数、有效分蘖数减少；叶面积指数在营养生长期逐渐上升，生殖生长期则相对下降；各阶段光合势呈降低的趋势；各时期各器官干物质积累量和群体生长速率均表现为随播期的推迟而下降，且三叶期—抽穗期高于抽穗期—成熟期；3个裸燕麦品种随着播期的延迟，穗数、千粒重和种子产量下降，不孕小穗数和瘪粒数增加。对3个裸燕麦品种综合评价表明，该地区饲草生产利用应首选‘白燕2号’莜麦，种子生产利用应首选‘青引3号’莜麦，播期以4月上旬为最佳。

关键词: 裸燕麦, 播期, 产量, 生长特性

Abstract:

The yield and growth characteristics of 3 naked oats (Avena nuda) varieties, ‘Qingyin No.3’,‘Baiyan No.2’ and ‘Bayan No.3’ under different planting dates were analyzed to study their best planting date in Huangzhong county (altitude of 2670 m), Qinghai Province. The results showed that the whole growth period of 3 naked oats varieties was shorten, and the total tiller number (TN), number of tillers over 3 leaves (TN3) and effective tiller number (ETN) decreased with delaying of the planting dates. Leaf area index (LAI) gradually rose in the vegetative period, while it declined in the period of reproductive growth. Leaf area duration (LAD) tend to decrease at the period of vegetative period and reproductive growth. The dry weight accumulation (DWA) in different organs and the crop growth rate (CGR) of the 3 naked oats decreased with the delaying of planting dates. The DWA and CGR from trefoil stage (TRS) to heading stage (HS) was higher than those of from HS to mature stage (MS). The spikelet number (SN), thousand-kernel weight (TKW) and seed yield (SY) of 3 naked oats tended to decrease, while the infecundity spikelet number (ISN) and shriveled seed number (SSN) increased with delaying of planting date. The comprehensive evaluation of 3 naked oats showed that ‘Baiyan No.2’ is an optimum variety for forage production, and ‘Qingyin No.3’ is an optimum variety for seed production. Their optimum planting date is in early April in Huangzhong county, Qinghai Province.

Key words: Naked oats, Planting dates, Yield, Growth characteristics

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