草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (4): 917-927.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2018.04.017

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏高原高寒区I-D燕麦品系饲草生产性能及品质评价

梁国玲1, 秦燕1, 魏小星1, 刘迎春2, 刘勇1, 刘文辉1   

  1. 1. 青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用省级重点实验室, 青海大学/青海省畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 青海畜牧兽医职业技术学院, 青海 湟源 812100
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-25 修回日期:2018-07-24 出版日期:2018-08-15 发布日期:2018-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 刘文辉
  • 作者简介:梁国玲(1978-),女,河南淅川人,博士,副研究员,主要从事牧草栽培育种研究,E-mail:qhliangguoling@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    青海省科技厅重点实验室发展专项“青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室”（2017-ZJ-Y12）；农业部“牧草种质资源保护项目”（2130135）资助

Evaluation on Productivity and Quality of Oat Strain I-D in the Alpine Regions of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

LIANG Guo-Ling1, QIN Yan1, WEI Xiao-Xing1, LIU Ying-Chun2, LIU Yong1, LIU Wen-Hui1   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai Univeristy, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. Qinghai Vocational and Technical College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Huangyuan, Qinghai Province 812100, China
  • Received:2018-04-25 Revised:2018-07-24 Online:2018-08-15 Published:2018-09-20

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摘要： 为明确选育的高产籽兼高产草燕麦I-D品系在青藏高原不同生态区域的饲草生产性能和品质，选择民和县、湟中县和海北州西海镇3个试验点，对I-D品系及其母本‘青海444’、父本‘青海甜燕麦’和对照品种‘青引1号’进行了评价，为该品种（系）的进一步推广应用提供理论依据。结果表明，在民和、湟中和海北试验地I-D品系平均干草产量达9 367.9 kg·hm-2、10 795.5 kg·hm-2和14 636.3 kg·hm-2，其产量显著优于母本‘青海444’和对照‘青引1号’；在表征饲草产量的性状株高、分蘖数、叶片数、叶面积、第三茎节长、茎粗等方面，I-D品系燕麦均优于父本‘青海甜燕麦’；通径分析表明，叶面积、株高、叶片数、茎粗对燕麦饲草产量直接效应较大；从孕穗期至乳熟期，I-D品系粗蛋白含量和相对饲用价值显著下降，粗脂肪、NDF、ADF显著增加；较其亲本粗脂肪、NDF和ADF含量相对较低，粗蛋白含量和相对饲用价值较高，其饲草品质优于其亲本。综合分析表明，I-D品系具有较好的饲草生产性能和品质，适宜在青藏高原高寒地区海拔2 500~3 200 m的区域进行饲草生产。

关键词: 高寒区, I-D品系, 饲草生产性能, 品质评价

Abstract: To understand fodder productivity and quality of oat strain I-D,a breeding strain with both good seed and fodder production,in the various ecological locations in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,I-D,female parent ‘Qinghai 444’,male parent ‘Qinghai’ oat and the control variety ‘Qingyin 1’ were grown and examined in 3 locations of the Plateau,Minhe (1 868 m altitude,102°45'40″ E,36°18'55″ N),Huangzhong (2 592 m altitude,101°33'20″ E,36°30'57″ N) and Xihai (3 150 m altitude,101°45'16″ E,36°49'18″ N). The results showed that average yields of dry hay in the 3 locations were 9367.9 kg·hm-2,10795.5 kg·hm-2 and 14 636.3 kg·hm-2 respectively,which were significantly higher than its female parent and the control. Regarding to the fodder production parameters such as plant height,tiller number,number of leaf,leaf area,length of 3rd internode,stem diameter,I-D was superior to its male parent. Path analysis indicated that leaf area,plant height,number of leaves and stem diameter had significantly direct impacts on the yield of fodder. Crude protein of I-D and relative feeding value dropped significantly from booting to milking stage,while crude fat,NDF and ADF were enhanced significantly,I-D was lower than its parents in the crude fat NDF and ADF,and was higher than its parent in the crude protein. It is implied that I-D has better fodder quality than its parents. It is suggested that I-D could be widely grown in the region with a.l.s. 2 500~3 200 m as fodder due to its good productivity and quality.

Key words: Alpine area, I-D strain, Forage productivity, Nutrient evaluation

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