化肥减施配合有机肥对高寒区燕麦营养品质和土壤养分的影响

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.12.030

草地学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 2878-2886.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2021.12.030

• 技术研发 • 上一篇

化肥减施配合有机肥对高寒区燕麦营养品质和土壤养分的影响

李文^1,2, 魏廷虎³, 阿保地³, 永措巴占³, 才仁塔次³, 周玉海³, 李文浩¹, 郭卫兴¹, 张雁平¹

1. 青海省畜牧兽医科学院,青海大学畜牧兽医科学院，青海西宁810016;
2. 青海省青藏高原优良牧草种质资源利用重点实验室, 青海西宁 810016;
3. 青海省玉树市畜牧兽医工作站, 青海玉树 815000

收稿日期:2021-08-24 修回日期:2021-10-22 出版日期:2021-12-15 发布日期:2022-01-06
作者简介:李文(1987-)，男，汉族，甘肃会宁人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事草地资源与生态研究，E-mail：670410113@qq.com
基金资助:
青海省重点研发与转化项目（2019-NK-109）；青海大学青年科研基金项目（2021-QNY-6）资助

Effects of Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manure Supplement on Oat Nutrient Quality and Soil Nutrient in Alpine Cold Region

LI Wen^1,2, WEI Ting-hu³, Abaodi³, Yongcuobazhan³, Cairentaci³, ZHOU Yu-hai³, LI Wen-hao¹, GUO Wei-xing¹, ZHANG Yan-ping¹

1. QinghaiAcademy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences，QinghaiUniversity，Xining，Qinghai Province 810016，China;
2. Key Laboratory of Superior ForageGermplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau，Xining，Qinghai Province 810016，China;
3. Yushu Livestock and Veterinary Workstation，Yushu，Qinghai Province 81500，China

Received:2021-08-24 Revised:2021-10-22 Online:2021-12-15 Published:2022-01-06
Contact: 张雁平,E-mail:mkyzyp@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究化肥减施配合有机肥对燕麦（Avena sativa）营养品质和土壤养分的影响，本研究设置单施化肥（CF）、单施生物有机肥（OF）、化肥减施50%+50%生物有机肥（COF）、不施肥（CK）4个处理，于2019—2020年研究了4个处理下燕麦生产性能、营养品质、土壤养分含量和经济效益。结果表明：施肥显著提高了燕麦干草产量、高度和茎粗，干草产量和高度分别在COF和CF处理最高；施肥显著提高了燕麦粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和相对饲喂价值，连续两年均在COF处理最高；施肥显著降低了粗灰分、酸性和中性洗涤纤维含量；施肥显著提高了0~10 cm层土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾含量，速效养分含量均在COF处理最高；净经济效益在CF最高，COF次之，OF最低。TOPSIS模型综合分析表明，化肥减施50%+50%生物有机肥处理不但能使燕麦保持较高的生产力和牧草营养品质，还可显著提高土壤养分含量和净经济效益，是适宜于高寒区燕麦人工草地的施肥选择。

关键词: 化肥减施, 有机肥, 燕麦, 营养品质, 土壤养分, 高寒区

Abstract: To explore the effects of reduction of chemical fertilizer and organic manure supplement on oat production performance,nutrient quality and soil nutrient,a two-year field trials (2019-2020) with four treatments (single application of chemical fertilizer (CF),single application of bio-organic fertilizer (OF),50% chemical fertilizer+50% bio-organic fertilizer (COF),and without any fertilizer (CK)) were established,to study the oat productivity,height,stem diameter,stem / leaf ratio,nutritional quality,soil nutrient content and economic benefits. It was found that hay yield,height and stem diameter in the three fertilizer application treatments were significantly higher than in the CK treatment in both two-year trials. The highest hay yield and height among the fertilizer application treatments were found in the COF and CF treatments,respectively,in both two-year trials. The fertilizer application significantly increased crude protein,crude fat and relative feeding value,while the crude ash,acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber decreased obviously,among which the most significant effects appeared in the COF treatment in both 2019 and 2020. Soil total nutrients and available nutrients in the 0~10 cm soil layer increased significantly with fertilizer application,and the available nutrients were higher at the COF treatment in 2019 and 2020. The highest values of the net economic income were found in the CF treatment in both 2019 and 2020. The multivariate data evaluation with the TOPSIS model showed that the COF treatment not only maintained high productivity and forage nutritional quality,but also significantly improved the soil nutrient content and economic benefit. This fertilizer application is therefore recommended for the oat sown pasture in alpine cold region.

Key words: Fertilizer reduction, Organic fertilizer, Oat, Nutritional quality, Soil nutrients, Alpine region

中图分类号:

S143.6

李文, 魏廷虎, 阿保地, 永措巴占, 才仁塔次, 周玉海, 李文浩, 郭卫兴, 张雁平. 化肥减施配合有机肥对高寒区燕麦营养品质和土壤养分的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(12): 2878-2886.

LI Wen, WEI Ting-hu, Abaodi, Yongcuobazhan, Cairentaci, ZHOU Yu-hai, LI Wen-hao, GUO Wei-xing, ZHANG Yan-ping. Effects of Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manure Supplement on Oat Nutrient Quality and Soil Nutrient in Alpine Cold Region[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(12): 2878-2886.

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化肥减施配合有机肥对高寒区燕麦营养品质和土壤养分的影响

Effects of Reduction of Chemical Fertilizer and Organic Manure Supplement on Oat Nutrient Quality and Soil Nutrient in Alpine Cold Region

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