草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 668-674.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.03.020

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同放牧强度对拉萨河谷温性草原植物群落和物种多样性的影响

向明学1, 郭应杰1, 古桑群宗1, 张晓庆4, 潘影3, 武俊喜2,3, 拉多1   

  1. 1. 西藏大学理学院, 西藏 拉萨 850000;
    2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点 实验室, 北京 100101;
    3. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101;
    4. 中国农业科学院草原研究所农业部草地 生态与修复治理重点实验室, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-12 修回日期:2019-05-22 出版日期:2019-06-15 发布日期:2019-07-19
  • 通讯作者: 武俊喜, 拉多
  • 作者简介:向明学(1992-),男,四川遂宁人,硕士研究生,主要从事草地生态学研究,E-mail:88017084@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0502004-5）；国家自然科学基金面上项目（31570460）；西藏科技重大专项（XZ201801NA02）资助

Effects of Grazing Intensity on Plant Community and Species Diversity of Temperate Steppe in Lhasa River Valley

XIANG Ming-xue1, GUO Ying-jie1, GU Sang-qunzong1, ZHANG Xiao-qing4, PAN Ying3, WU Jun-xi2,3, LHA Duo1   

  1. 1. College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, 850000, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    3. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
    4. Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology and Restoration, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
  • Received:2019-02-12 Revised:2019-05-22 Online:2019-06-15 Published:2019-07-19

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摘要： 放牧对西藏温性草原的影响敏感且复杂。本试验通过研究植物群落特征在不同放牧强度下的变化，以期为物种多样性保护和放牧管理提供科学依据。本文以拉萨河谷温性草原为研究对象，设置3种放牧梯度，采用样方调查法，分析不同放牧强度对植物群落和物种多样性的影响。结果表明，禁牧处理下植物群落高度、Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou指数显著升高，但Simpson指数显著降低，物种更替程度最低；中度、重度放牧处理下Shannon-wiener指数、Pielou指数和Simpson指数显著降低。放牧是直接影响物种重要值的重要因素，并且是物种更替的直接驱动力。围封使植被群落高度、物种多样性增大，物种更替率降低，对退化草地有一定的修复作用，但重度放牧使植物向耐啃食、耐践踏、低矮化方向发展，并且使物种多样性降低。

关键词: 放牧强度, 温性草原, 群落特征, 物种多样性, 拉萨河谷, 西藏

Abstract: The influence of grazing on the temperate steppe in Tibet is complex and sensitive. The changes of plant community characteristics under different grazing intensities were studied in order to provide scientific baseline for species diversity protection and grazing management. In this paper,the temperate steppe in Lhasa River Valley was taken as the research object,three grazing gradients were set,and the effect of different intensities of sheep grazing on the plant community and species diversity were analyzed by using the method of quadrat survey. The results showed that,the plant community height,Shannon-wiener index and Pielou index were significantly increased under grazing prohibited treatment,but Simpson index was significantly decreased with the lowest degree of species replacement. Shannon-wiener index,Pielou index and Simpson index were significantly decreased under moderate and heavy grazing treatments. Grazing can be an important factor that directly affects the important value of species and a direct driving force of species replacement. Enclosure increases vegetation community height and species diversity,reduces species turnover,and has a certain effect on repairing degraded grassland,but heavy grazing makes plants develop towards the direction of resistance to foraging,trampling and dwarfing,and reduces species diversity.

Key words: Grazing intensity, Temperature steppe, Community characteristics, Species diversity, Lhasa River Valley, Tibet

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