草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 2703-2712.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2025.08.030

• 技术研发 • 上一篇    下一篇

燕麦/毛苕子混播比例对其种间竞争和经济效益的影响

尤越1,4, 倪旺1,2,3, 王斌1,2,3, 王腾飞1,2,3, 张译尹1,2,3, 杜建明5, 兰剑1,2,3   

  1. 1. 宁夏大学林业与草业学院, 宁夏 银川 750021;
    2. 宁夏草牧业工程技术研究中心, 宁夏 银川 750021;
    3. 农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室, 宁夏 银川 750021;
    4. 宁夏盐池县农业农村局, 宁夏 吴忠 751100;
    5. 宁夏农林科学院林业与草地生态研究所, 宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-01 修回日期:2024-10-27 出版日期:2025-08-15 发布日期:2025-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 兰剑, E-mail:ndlanjian@163.com
  • 作者简介:尤越(1994-),男,汉族,宁夏盐池人,硕士研究生,主要从事牧草育种与栽培研究,E-mail:273798542@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    宁夏高等学校一流学科建设（草学学科）项目（NXYLXK2017A01）；“一年两熟”人工草地可持续发展模式研究与示范项目（2021BBF02001）；优质牧草提质增效关键技术研究与集成示范（NGSB-2021-15-02）资助

Effects of Mixed Sowing Ratio of Oat/Hairy Vetch on Interspecific Competition and Economic Benefits

YOU Yue1,4, NI Wang1,2,3, WANG Bin1,2,3, WANG Teng-fei1,2,3, ZHANG Yi-yin1,2,3, DU Jian-ming5, LAN Jian1,2,3   

  1. 1. College of Forestry and Prataculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;
    2. Ningxia Grass and Animal Husbandry Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;
    3. Key Laboratory of Innovation of Forage Efficient Production Model, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China;
    4. Ningxia Yanchi County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau, Wuzhong, Ningxia 751100, China;
    5. Institute of Forestry and Grassland Ecology, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
  • Received:2024-09-01 Revised:2024-10-27 Online:2025-08-15 Published:2025-08-27

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摘要： 为探讨适合宁夏引黄灌区燕麦（Avena sativa）/毛苕子（Vicia villosa）适宜的混播比例，试验以‘喜韵’燕麦和毛苕子为供试材料，通过设置燕麦和毛苕子4种比例混播[8∶2（Y8M2）、7∶3（Y7M3）、6∶4（Y6M4）和5∶5（Y5M5）]以及燕麦单播（YD），毛苕子单播（MD），研究了不同混播比例对牧草种间竞争、生产性能和经济效益的影响。两茬试验结果表明，燕麦/毛苕子混播比例为6∶4时，相较于其他混播比例和燕麦单作对土地利用、生产力提升和经济回报的影响更显著，混播模式中燕麦竞争比率（CRY）大于1，竞争强度（AY）大于0，为竞争优势作物。此外，燕麦与毛苕子混播的土地当量比均大于1，其土地利用效率平均提高了19.5%。Y6M4混播处理的干草产量（6.63 t·hm-2）、粗蛋白产量（809.55 kg·hm-2）较燕麦单作分别提高13.23%和27.87%，Y8M2混播处理的经济效益（11 116 元·hm-2）最高。主成分分析结果表明当燕麦∶毛苕子为6∶4（Y6M4）时综合排名第一，可作为宁夏引黄灌区燕麦/毛苕子混播的最佳比例。

关键词: 燕麦/毛苕子混播, 引黄灌区, 混播比例, 种间竞争, 经济效益

Abstract: In order to investigate the suitable mixed sowing ratio of oat（Avena sativa）and hairy vetch（Vicia villosa）in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia， ‘Xiyun’ oat and ordinary hairy vetch were used as test materials in the experiment. Four mixed sowing ratios of oat and hairy vetch [8∶2（Y8M2）， 7∶3（Y7M3）， 6∶4（Y6M4） and 5∶5（Y5M5）]， oat monoculture （YD）， and hairy vetch monoculture （MD） were established to study the interspecific competition， production performance and economic benefits of forage under different mixed sowing ratios. The results of two cuts showed that the oat/hairy vetch mixed-seeding ratio of 6：4 was more significant than other mixed-seeding ratios and oat monoculture in terms of land resource utilization， productivity improvement and economic returns. The competitive ratio （CRY） of oat was greater than 1 and the aggressiveness （AY） was greater than 0 in the mixed cropping. In addition， the land equivalent ratio （LER） was greater than 1 for the different mixed seeding ratios and land use efficiency increased by an average of 19.5%. The dry matter yield （6.63 t·hm-2） and crude protein yield （809.55 kg·hm-2） of the Y6M4 mixtures treatment increased by 13.23% and 27.87%， respectively， compared to the oat monoculture. The Y8M2 mixture treatment had the highest economic benefit （11116 CNY·hm-2）. The results of principal component analysis showed that when oat： hairy vetch was 6：4 （Y6M4）， the comprehensive ranking was the first， which could be used as the best mixed sowing ratio of oat/hairy vetch in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigated area.

Key words: Oat/hairy vetch mixed sowing, Yellow River irrigation area, The proportion of mixed sowing, Interspecific competition, Economic benefits

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