草地学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 998-1006.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.023

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

载畜率对短花针茅种群年龄结构及生态位的影响

吕世杰1, 张帆1, 刘红梅2, 王静1, 刘菊红1, 李治国1, 韩国栋1   

  1. 1. 内蒙古农业大学, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010018;
    2. 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院, 内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-10 修回日期:2025-07-26 发布日期:2026-03-23
  • 通讯作者: 韩国栋,E-mail:nmghanguodong@163.com
  • 作者简介:吕世杰(1978-),男,汉族,内蒙古赤峰人,讲师,主要从事应用统计及数量生态方面研究,E-mail:lshj123@163.com;
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32460423,32260352,32160258);林业科研能力提升项目(104004002)资助

The Impacts of Stocking Rate on the Age-Structure and Ecological Niche of Stipa Breviflora Population

Lü Shi-jie1, ZHANG Fan1, LIU Hong-mei2, WANG Jing1, LIU Ju-hong1, LI Zhi-guo1, HAN Guo-dong1   

  1. 1. Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, China;
    2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Science, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010010, China
  • Received:2025-04-10 Revised:2025-07-26 Published:2026-03-23

摘要: 为探讨不同载畜率对短花针茅(Stipa breviflora)种群年龄结构及其生态位的影响,研究以内蒙古乌兰察布市四子王旗短花针茅草原为研究对象,采用单因素随机区组试验设计,结合静态生命表、生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数进行对比分析,得到初步结论如下:短花针茅种群年龄结构会因载畜率变化而变化。伴随载畜率增大(适度放牧载畜率水平以下),短花针茅种群个体由C03级(株丛径1.1~2.1 cm)向C08级(株丛径6.1~7.1 cm)方向增加,进而保证个体达到生理寿命预期;重度放牧导致短花针茅个体出现“破碎化”和“幼龄化”,短花针茅各龄级死亡率均摊。适度放牧载畜率水平以下,短花针茅中老年龄级生态位宽度较小,个体间竞争强度较小;青壮年龄级生态位重叠程度较大,个体间竞争强度较大;但重牧导致短花针茅个体破碎化和幼龄化的同时,也导致其个体间竞争强度较大,致使幼龄个体与青壮年个体竞争强度加剧。总之,短花针茅在适度放牧载畜率水平以下,其可通过高个体龄级(青壮龄级)向中老龄级过渡来抵御放牧干扰,但是重牧则通过中老龄级个体破碎化和幼龄化来抵御放牧干扰,进而保证种群在群落中处于绝对优势地位。

关键词: 载畜率, 短花针茅, 年龄结构, 生态位

Abstract: In order to research the effects of different stocking rates on the age-structure and ecological niche of Stipa breviflora population, the study was conducted on the Stipa breviflora steppe desert in Siziwang Banner, Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia, China. A single factor random complete block design was adopted, and a comparative analysis was conducted using static life tables, ecology niche width, and ecology niche overlap index. The results showed that the age-structure of the population of Stipa breviflora changed with changing in stocking rate. With an increase in stocking rate (below the level of moderate grazing stocking rate), individuals in the Stipa breviflora population increased from C03 level (diameter of bunch 1.1-2.1 cm) to C08 level (diameter of bunch 6.1-7.1 cm), thereby ensuring that individuals achieve their expected physiological lifespan; Heavy grazing led to “fragmentation” and “juvenilization” of individuals of Stipa breviflora, and the mortality rate of Stipa breviflora was evenly distributed among all age groups. Below the level of moderate grazing stocking rate, the ecological niche width of the middle and elderly age groups of Stipa breviflora was relatively small, and the competition intensity among individuals was relatively weakness; The ecological niche overlap among young and middle-aged individuals was relatively high, and there was intense competition among individuals; However, heavy grazing not only led to “aggregation” and “juvenile” of Stipa breviflora individuals, but also increased the intensity of competition among individuals, resulting in intensified competition between young and middle-aged individuals. In summary, Stipa breviflora resisted grazing disturbance by transitioning from high individual age groups (young and middle-aged) to middle and elderly groups below moderate grazing stocking rate, but heavy grazing resisted grazing disturbance by “aggregation” and “juvenile” of middle and elderly individuals, thereby ensuring that the population is in an absolute dominant position in the community.

Key words: Stocking rate, Stipa breviflora, Age-structure, Ecology niche

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