草地学报

草地学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 682-691.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.03.021

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

石河子地区青贮玉米农艺性状和发酵品质动态分析及评价

付东青1, 贾春英2, 张力3, 张凡凡1, 马春晖1   

  1. 1. 石河子大学动物科技学院, 新疆 石河子 832000;
    2. 新疆生产建设兵团第三师畜牧兽医工作站, 新疆 图木舒克 843806;
    3. 新疆农垦科学院作物研究所, 新疆 石河子 832000
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-26 修回日期:2021-09-30 发布日期:2022-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 张力,E-mail:490507226@qq.com;张凡凡,E-mail:zhangfanfan@shzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:付东青(1995-),男,甘肃陇南人,博士研究生,主要从事饲草生产与加工研究,E-mail:595521990@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆生产建设兵团科技特派员创新创业计划项目(2019CB034)；兵团区域创新引导计划项目优质饲草料高效种植产业化研发与示范(2018BD037)，财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS)资助

Dynamic Analysis and Evaluation of Agronomic Traits and Fermentation Quality of Maize Silage in Shihezi Region

FU Dong-qing1, JIA Chun-ying2, ZHANG Li3, ZHANG Fan-fan1, MA Chun-hui1   

  1. 1. College of Animal Science and Technology, shihezi university, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China;
    2. Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Workstation, the third division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Tumxuk, Xinjiang 843806, China;
    3. Crop Research Institute of Xinjiang Academy, agricultural reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832000, China
  • Received:2021-08-26 Revised:2021-09-30 Published:2022-03-30

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摘要： 为研究石河子地区不同收获期青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)农艺性状、发酵品质以及筛选当地最佳栽培品种。以11个玉米品种为材料，试验采用随机区组设计，在1/4,1/2,3/4乳线和完熟期测定农艺性状并调制青贮，同时测定青贮品质和体外消化率，利用模糊相似优先比方法综合评价。结果表明：不同收获期青贮玉米农艺性状、营养品质差异显著(P＜0.05)，收获期和品种对其营养品质影响显著(P＜0.05)。随收获期推进各青贮玉米农艺指标先升高后降低，3/4乳线达到最高，干物质(Dry matter,DM)，可溶性碳水化合物(Water soluble carbohydrates,WSC)和淀粉(Starch)含量不断升高，粗蛋白(Crude protein,CP)含量不断降低，中性洗涤纤维(Neutral detergent fiber,NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(Acid detergent fiber,ADF)含量先降低后升高。完熟期各青贮玉米DM，WSC和淀粉含量最高，3/4乳线氨态氮∶总氮(Ammoniacal nitrogen∶Total nitrogen,NH3-N/TN)、ADF和NDF含量最低且乳酸(Lactic acid,LA)、CP含量较完熟期高。在3/4乳线‘新饲玉13号’DM含量最高，‘铁研53’LA，CP，WSC和淀粉含量最高，‘新饲玉11号’NH3-N/TN，ADF含量最低。综上，3/4乳线为青贮玉米最佳收获期，综合评价‘铁研53’、‘新饲玉11号’和‘新饲玉13号’品质最优，适宜在新疆石河子地区及相似生态区域推广种植。

关键词: 青贮玉米, 农艺性状, 发酵品质

Abstract: To study the agronomic traits and fermentation quality of maize silage at different harvesting periods in Shihezi region and to screen the best local cultivars. Eleven maize varieties were used as materials,and the experiment was conducted in a randomized group design. Agronomic traits were measured at 1/4,1/2,3/4 milk line and finish maturity,and silage was prepared,and silage quality and in vitro digestibility were also measured and evaluated comprehensively using the fuzzy similarity priority ratio method. The results showed that there were significant differences in agronomic traits and nutritional quality at different harvesting periods (P<0.05),and that harvesting period and variety had significant effects on nutritional quality (P<0.05). Each agronomic index of silage maize increased and then decreased as the harvesting period progressed,reaching a maximum at the 3/4 milk line,with increasing DM,WSC,and starch content,decreasing CP content,and decreasing and then increasing ADF and NDF content. The highest DM,WSC,and starch contents were found in each silage maize at the finish stage,while the lowest NH3-N/TN,ADF and NDF contents and higher LA and CP contents were found in the 3/4 milk line compared to the finish stage. At the 3/4 milk line ‘Xingsiyu 13’ had the highest DM content,‘Tiyan 53’ had the highest LA,CP,WSC,and starch content,and ‘Xingsiyu 11’ had the lowest NH3-N/ TN and ADF. In conclusion,the 3/4 milk line is the best harvesting period for silage maize,and the comprehensive evaluation showed that ‘Tieyan 53’,‘Xinsiyu 11’,and ‘Xinsiyu 13’ have the best quality and are suitable for promotion in Shihezi region of Xinjiang and similar ecological regions.

Key words: Silage corn, Agronomic characters, Fermentation quality

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