Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 313-322.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.01.029

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Effects of Water Activity on Aerobic Fermentation Characteristics of Soybean Residue Type Feed

YANG Xin1, LUO Chong-yu1, WANG Xiao-li1, WANG Xue-kai2, YANG Fu-yu1,2   

  1. 1. Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai Province 810016, China;
    2. College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
  • Received:2025-02-28 Revised:2025-04-06 Published:2025-12-24

水分活度对豆渣型饲料有氧发酵品质的影响

杨鑫1, 罗崇玉1, 王晓丽1, 王学凯2, 杨富裕1,2   

  1. 1. 青海大学畜牧兽医科学院, 青海 西宁 810016;
    2. 中国农业大学草业科学与技术学院, 北京 100193
  • 通讯作者: 王学凯,E-mail:xkwang@cau.edu.cn;杨富裕,E-mail:yfuyu@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:杨鑫(1998-),男,汉族,河北邯郸人,博士,主要从事饲草料调制加工与利用研究,E-mail:yangxiaoxin1998@163.com;
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(32201473)资助

Abstract: Soybean residue, a primary by-product of soybean processing, can undergo aerobic fermentation to enhance its nutritional value and palatability. Water activity may emerge as a key determinant of the nutritional quality of soybean residue during aerobic fermentation. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of aerobic fermentation on the fermentation quality of soybean residue feed under different water activities (Aw), providing a theoretical basis for the production process of soybean residue feed. A soybean residue feed material with water activity as a single variable was constructed by recombining the raw material substrate and microorganisms through microbial transplantation technology. Three water activity treatment groups were established: low (Aw1=0.9868), medium (Aw2=0.9880) and high (Aw3=0.9912). Microbial quantity, nutrient composition, and fermentation quality were analyzed after fermentation for 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, and 60 h under aerobic conditions. The results showed that the soluble carbohydrate content was higher in the Aw2 group (P<0.001), and Enterobacter and yeast showed greater adaptability. Crude protein content, organic acid content, and lactic acid bacteria quantity were higher in the Aw3 group (P<0.001), and the growth of mold and aerobic bacteria was significantly inhibited. Under medium and high water activity conditions, microbial metabolism was more active and utilized substrates more efficiently. In conclusion, the fermentation quality of soybean residue feed in the medium and high water activity treatment groups (Aw2 and Aw3) were superior, and the quality of aerobic fermentation could be effectively improved by reasonably adjusting water activity.

Key words: Soybean residue, Water activity, Aerobic fermentation, Feed, Fermentation characteristics

摘要: 本试验旨在探究不同水分活度(Water activity,Aw)下有氧发酵对豆渣型饲料发酵品质的影响,为豆渣型饲料生产工艺提供理论依据。通过微生物移植技术对原料底物与微生物进行重组,构建以水分活度为单一变量的豆渣型饲料,并设置低(Aw1=0.9868)、中(Aw2=0.9880)、高(Aw3=0.9912)3个水分活度处理组。在有氧条件下分别发酵12 h,24 h,36 h,48 h及60 h后取样检测其微生物数量,营养成分和发酵品质。结果表明:Aw2组中可溶性碳水化合物含量相对较高(P<0.001),且肠杆菌与酵母菌在此环境中适应性更强;Aw3组中粗蛋白含量、有机酸含量和乳酸菌数量相对较高(P<0.001),同时霉菌与好氧菌的生长受到明显抑制;中、高水分活度条件下,微生物的代谢活动更为活跃,能够更高效地利用底物进行代谢。综上,中、高水分活度处理组(Aw2,Aw3)的豆渣饲料发酵品质更优,合理调控水分活度可有效提升其有氧发酵品质。

关键词: 豆渣, 水分活度, 有氧发酵, 饲料, 发酵品质

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