Analysis of Karyotype and Gene Expression Characteristics in Three Elytrigia elongata Germplasms

doi:10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.007

Acta Agrestia Sinica ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (3): 804-816.DOI: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2026.03.007

Analysis of Karyotype and Gene Expression Characteristics in Three Elytrigia elongata Germplasms

YU Ting^1,2, MA Shuai², MENG Lin², MAO Pei-chun², ZHENG Ming-li², YANG Pei-zhi¹, LI Zi-yan¹

1. College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China;
2. Institute of Grassland, Flowers, and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China

Received:2025-08-26 Revised:2025-10-22 Published:2026-03-23

三份长穗偃麦草种质核型与基因表达特征分析

余婷^1,2, 马帅², 孟林², 毛培春², 郑明利², 杨培志¹, 李紫燕¹

1. 西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院, 陕西杨凌 712100;
2. 北京市农林科学院草业花卉与景观生态研究所, 北京 100097

通讯作者: 李紫燕，E-mail：liziyan0161@126.com；马帅，E-mail：mshuai@baafs.net.cn
作者简介:余婷（2000-），女，汉族，重庆人，硕士研究生，主要从事牧草耐盐性状鉴定与评价研究，E-mail：13594543503@163.com；
基金资助:
北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设专项（KJCX20251303，KJCX20230109）资助

Abstract

Abstract: Elytrigia elongata （Host） Nevski， a perennial bunchgrass， possesses outstanding stress tolerance and forage quality. This study aimed to examine the chromosome number， karyotype composition， and gene expression profiles across various ploidy levels within E. elongata germplasm. Three accessions， designated EE030， EE031， and Ae4x， were used as experimental materials. Karyotype analysis was conducted via an enzymatic maceration method， and differences in gene expression among accessions with varying ploidy levels were analyzed through full-length transcriptome sequencing on the PacBio platform. The results revealed that accession EE031 is a diploid （2n=2x=14） with a karyotype formula of K（2n）=2x=10m+4sm， classified as the “1A” type. Accession Ae4x is identified as a tetraploid （2n=4x=28） with a karyotype formula of K（2n）=4x=20m+6sm+2st， classified as the “2A” type. Accession EE030 is a decaploid （2n=10x=70） with a karyotype formula of K（2n）=10x=56m+12sm+2st， also categorized as the “2A” type. In parallel， transcriptome analysis revealed that increased ploidy level was associated with an essential expansion in transcript abundance and functional diversity. Differentially expressed genes in EE031， Ae4x， and EE030 were enriched in 10， 12， and 15 KEGG metabolic pathways， as well as in 39， 38， and 64 GO functional terms， respectively. Furthermore， core functional pathways specific to each ploidy level were identified：（1） EE031 （diploid） was enriched in proteins related to Chromosomes and Chromosome-binding， Stress response， and Signal receptor activity；（2） Ae4x （tetraploid） was enriched in Transporter and Hydrolase activities；（3） EE030 （decaploid） was associated with Metabolism， Transporter， and Transferase activities.

Key words: Elytrigia elongata, Polyploidy, Karyotype analysis, Full-length transcriptome sequencing, Differentially expressed genes

摘要： 长穗偃麦草[Elytrigia elongata （Host） Nevski]作为多年生疏丛型禾草，具有突出的抗逆性及饲用价值。为探究长穗偃麦草种质染色体数目、核型组成及不同倍性种质的基因表达特性，以编号EE030，EE031和Ae4x的三份长穗偃麦草种质为材料，采用酶解法进行染色体核型分析，并利用PacBio平台全长转录组测序技术，分析不同倍性种质间基因表达差异。结果表明，种质EE031为二倍体（2n=2x=14），核型公式为K（2n）=2x=10m+4sm，属“1A”型；Ae4x种质为四倍体（2n=4x=28），核型公式为K（2n）=4x=20m+6sm+2st，属“2A”型；EE030为十倍体（2n=10x=70），核型公式为K（2n）=10x=56m+12sm+2st，属“2A”型。随着倍性增加，转录本丰度和功能多样性显著扩展，EE031，Ae4x和EE030差异性表达基因分别富集并注释到10条、12条和15条KEGG代谢通路，以及39个、38个和64个GO功能条目。三种不同倍性长穗偃麦草特异表达基因富集的核心通路和条目分别包括EE031中染色体及其结合蛋白、应激响应和信号受体等；Ae4x中转运蛋白、水解酶等；EE030中代谢、转运蛋白和转移酶活性等。

关键词: 长穗偃麦草, 多倍体, 核型分析, 全长转录组测序, 差异性表达基因

CLC Number:

S543.9

YU Ting, MA Shuai, MENG Lin, MAO Pei-chun, ZHENG Ming-li, YANG Pei-zhi, LI Zi-yan. Analysis of Karyotype and Gene Expression Characteristics in Three Elytrigia elongata Germplasms[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2026, 34(3): 804-816.

余婷, 马帅, 孟林, 毛培春, 郑明利, 杨培志, 李紫燕. 三份长穗偃麦草种质核型与基因表达特征分析[J]. 草地学报, 2026, 34(3): 804-816.

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Analysis of Karyotype and Gene Expression Characteristics in Three Elytrigia elongata Germplasms

三份长穗偃麦草种质核型与基因表达特征分析

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